An Advance in Brain Research That Was Once Considered Impossible

Carl Zimmer in the New York Times:

The human brain is so complex that scientific brains have a hard time making sense of it. A piece of neural tissue the size of a grain of sand might be packed with hundreds of thousands of cells linked together by miles of wiring. In 1979, Francis Crick, the Nobel-prize-winning scientist, concluded that the anatomy and activity in just a cubic millimeter of brain matter would forever exceed our understanding.

“It is no use asking for the impossible,” Dr. Crick wrote.

Forty-six years later, a team of more than 100 scientists has achieved that impossible, by recording the cellular activity and mapping the structure in a cubic millimeter of a mouse’s brain — less than one percent of its full volume. In accomplishing this feat, they amassed 1.6 petabytes of data — the equivalent of 22 years of nonstop high-definition video.

“This is a milestone,” said Davi Bock, a neuroscientist at the University of Vermont who was not involved in the study, which was published Wednesday in the journal Nature.

More here.

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Finally, an Explanation for the Paradox of MAGA Christianity

Jeannette Cooperman at The Common Reader:

Tim Alberta

Last week, even a Martian could have heard the buzz of anticipation in WashU’s Graham Chapel. Its pews were smooshed with an overflow audience eager to hear Tim Alberta, staff writer for The Atlantic, make sense of something we have struggled with for a decade: how to reconcile Christian support for a president oblivious to Christian values.

Alberta has been covering this paradox for years. He wrote the bestselling American Carnage: On the Front Lines of the Republican Civil War and the Rise of President Trump, and just last year, The Kingdom, the Power, and the Glory: American Evangelicals in an Age of Extremism. In his introduction, the director of the John C. Danforth Center on Religion and Politics called The Kingdom “one of the most astute and persuasive accounts of religion in contemporary politics that I’ve read.”

We settled in, ready for insight.

More here.

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The Dennis Cooper Cycle

Dennis Cooper interviewed at 3:AM Magazine:

It’s a bit of a long story. In brief, I had always wanted to make a porn film. I thought it was a genre that had never been treated with much artfulness or experimentation. I mentioned this interest of mine online, and someone in the porn industry contacted me to say he could get a porn film by me financed and made. I asked him if there were any restrictions or rules, and he said I could write any kind of script I wanted. So I wrote a quite complicated, strange porn script, very explicit but more about eroticism and how that works than actually being erotic. The script turned out to be way too experimental to get financed. So that project died. Years later, a German film producer, Jurgen Bruening, heard about the script, asked to read it, and said he might be interested in producing it. I was collaborating with Zac Farley on other projects by then. I asked if he was interested in working with me, and he agreed. We rewrote the script, taking out most of the actual hardcore porn, and submitted it. Jurgen Bruening liked the script and produced the film for very ittle money, $40,000. So we made Like Cattle Towards Glow. Neither Zac nor I had ever made a film before, but we saw it as a kind of strange, shot-in-the-dark experiment to see what would happen, and it worked out strangely well.

more here.

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William Blake and The Sea Monsters of Love

Seamus Perry at Literary Review:

A lot of what comes in William Blake and the Sea Monsters of Love is about fellow enthusiasts rather than about Blake himself. It opens with Derek Jarman at the Avebury stone circle, treading in the footsteps of Paul Nash; then, by what Coleridge called the ‘streamy nature of association’, we follow Nash on his first trip to London in 1906, where, at the Carfax gallery, he saw an exhibition of Blake’s pictures. These moved him greatly – or, as Hoare puts it, ‘A crack in the sky opened up and a hand reached down.’ Another cut then takes us to John Singer Sargent in 1894 painting his memorable portrait of W Graham Robertson, who later illustrated a book called Pan’s Garden by his friend Algernon Blackwood, who purchased a great collection of Blake’s pictures from the family of his devoted patron Thomas Butts. Those were the paintings displayed in the Carfax gallery. As Nash looked at them, says Hoare, he saw ‘the god behind the machine’ – the machine in question being the modern industrial world of ‘science and rationalism’, that familiar bogey whom we can all deplore while enjoying its many benefits. 

more here.

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Wednesday Poem

Marvellous Error

Last night as I was sleeping,
I dreamt—marvelous error!—
that a spring was breaking
out in my heart.
I said: along which secret aqueduct,
Oh water, are you coming to me,
water of a new life
that I have never drunk?

Last night, as I was sleeping,
I dreamt—marvelous error!—
that I had a beehive
here inside my heart.
And the golden bees
were making white combs
and sweet honey
from my old failures.

Last night, as I was sleeping,
I dreamt—marvelous error!—
that a fiery sun was giving
light inside my heart.
It was fiery because I felt
warmth as from a hearth,
and sun because it gave light
and brought tears to my eyes.

Last night as I slept,
I dreamt—marvelous error!—
that it was God I had
here in my heart.

by Antonio Machado
from Times Alone
Translation-Robert Bly
Wesleyan University Press, 1983

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Elaine Pagels sifts through history in search of Jesus

Ron Charles in The Washington Post:

It sounds like a strategy meeting with the campaign team: “Whom do men say that I am?”

Staff members start tossing out responses from the latest polling: “Some say that thou art John the Baptist: some, Elias; and others, Jeremias, or one of the prophets.”

But when Jesus presses them for their own thoughts, Simon Peter nails it: “Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God.”

So there it is — settled.

Except, no. As 2,000 years of theological turmoil attests, the identity of that man remains so contentious that even suggesting the possibility of continuing debate is heretical. Into this lion’s den ventures Elaine Pagels — Princeton professor, MacArthur “genius,” National Book Award winner and arguably the country’s most well-known scholar of religion. Since publishing “The Gnostic Gospels” in 1979, Pagels has been a voice crying in the wilderness of academia but heard in the homes of lay readers. Her vast knowledge has always been tempered by deep humility.

More here.

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Tuesday, April 15, 2025

How Indo-European languages went global

Henry Oliverin The Guardian:

The words we use feel inevitable. We take them for granted. But they began life about 6,000 years ago, when copper was being smithed in the lands to the west of the Black Sea. Spinney says “an aura of magic must have hovered around the early smiths, who drew this gleaming marvel from blue-green rock”. New language hovered around them, too.

Novel technologies needed a novel vocabulary to describe them. The goods produced were transported across the Black Sea, which required the language of travel and exchange, as well as words that prepared merchants to meet with bears, boars and lions. Smithing brought new specialisations: metallurgy, casting, mining, charcoal-burning. All had to be named.

As the traders travelled, the words they shared went with them across the Black Sea and then around the world: from the forests of Romania to the steppe of Odessa, now with the development of larger and larger settlements, now with steppe herders becoming global traders, now with roads, now with the crossing of the Volga, sped up by the wheel, and on to the edge of China.

More here.

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Science’s big problem is a loss of influence, not a loss of trust

Heidi J. Larson & David M. Bersoff in Nature:

Science has a trust problem — at least, that is the common perception. If only, the argument goes, we could get people to ‘trust’ or ‘follow’ the science, we, as a society, would be doing more about climate change, childhood vaccination rates would be increasing rather than decreasing and fewer people would have died during the COVID-19 pandemic. Characterizing the problem as ‘science denialism’, however, is misleading and wrongly suggests that the solution is to build greater trust between scientists and the public.

Indeed, the research produced by our organizations — the Edelman Trust Institute think tank and the Global Listening Project non-profit organization — suggests that trust in science and scientists remains high globally. But scientists and scientific information exist in an increasingly complex ecosystem in which people’s perception of what counts as reliable evidence or proof is influenced by myriad other people and factors, including politics, religion, culture and personal belief. In the face of this complexity, the public are turning to friends, family, journalists and others to help them filter and interpret the vast amounts of information available.

Our work suggests that the crux of science’s current challenge is not lost trust, but rather misplaced trust in untrustworthy sources.

More here.

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Iran: Creativity in the Aftermath of Uprising

Rebecca Ruth Gould at JSTOR Daily:

“What if we view street activities not as organic, evolving phenomena but as calculated efforts to challenge and subvert the state rules governing street dynamics?” Pamela Karimi asks in Women, Art, Freedom: Artists and Street Politics in Iran, her study of work that has emerged from the protest movement of the same name that began in 2022. This question guides Karimi as she endeavors to understand artistic production in an age of political repression and upheaval across the region and world. An architect and associate professor of art and architectural history at Cornell University, Karimi brings her considerable expertise to bear on the contemporary struggle for women’s freedom in Iran and its formidable creative legacies, introducing along the way the pioneering artists who are responding to the recent uprising in the country.

Using imagery, interviews, avant-garde magazines, and feminist manifestos to situate Iranian artistic production both within Iran and in the diaspora, Karimi concentrates on work that engages with the “politics of the street” in the broadest sense.

More here.

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The Social Turn: Psychoanalysis at an inflection point

Maggie Doherty in Harper’s Magazine:

On the morning of February 2, 2023, I exited the subway at 57th Street to find the air growing colder. It had been a warm winter. But the first proper cold front was moving in, and I already felt underdressed. I propelled myself toward the warmth of the Midtown Hilton, where the American Psychoanalytic Association (APsA, as it’s styled) was gathering for its winter meeting.

APsA has long been the institutional center of psychoanalysis in the United States. Founded in Baltimore in 1911 by, among others, Ernest Jones, Freud’s first biographer, its goals were to consolidate the profession and to standardize both training and treatment. Since then, the organization has overseen virtually every aspect of mainstream psychoanalysis in this country—research, education, and practice—and has resisted changes to many of its standards, casting a suspicious eye on analysts who proposed new ideas. In Psychoanalysis: The Impossible Profession, Janet Malcolm described APsA as having an “iron hold” over psychoanalysis in the United States.

More here.

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Brain Cells That Remember Food May Influence Obesity

Laura Tran in The Scientist:

Atrip to the grocery store is a sensory adventure, with aisles brimming with eye-catching packages designed to tempt shoppers. Each display promises a delicious and memorable food adventure. “We’ve all experienced this moment where we crave a specific food, even if we’re not physically hungry,” said Guillaume de Lartigue, a neuroscientist at the Monell Chemical Senses Center, who studies how the brain controls food intake.

Even a single whiff of fresh bread from a nearby bakery can evoke mouthwatering memories, instantly sparking hunger. This connection between memory and appetite led de Lartigue to wonder how memory centers in the brain influenced eating behavior and whether they contributed to obesity risk.

More here.

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Tuesday Poem

THE HAPPINESS OF ATOMS

1.
According to Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, “the father of modern rocket science,”
in order for the earth to thrive every atom must be happy. “It is the organic
need and right of all atoms not to feel torment but to exist in peace and
happiness,” he wrote in 1934. And, “When the wrong path of humanity leads
it to a wild, destructive state, the atoms suffer much grief.”
2.
“You may say, But are there not natural disasters that sweep away this
happiness in a moment, as a broom sweeps away garbage?
Planets and suns explode like bombs. What life can resist it!
But I answer you, the lives of atoms arise many times.”
3.
He was born in the small Russian village of Izhevskoye, in 1857. At the age
of 10, he contracted scarlet fever which left him bedridden for many months
and hard of hearing. The village school refused to take him back. He studied
the books in his father’s library, and later in the central library of Moscow
where he lived in a small, drafty room and made experiments with
quicksilver and sulphuric acid. “I was happy with my ideas and my diet of
brown bread did not dampen my spirits.”
4.
But what is an atom? Werner Heisenberg said, “Atoms are not things. They
are only tendencies.” And Neils Bohr contended, “Everything we call real is
made of things that cannot be regarded as real.” To Max Planck, “There is
no matter as such—mind is the matrix of all matter.”
5.
“The universe is not only stranger than we imagine, it is stranger than we
can imagine.” (J.B.S. Haldane).
6.
Gentleness of lamps at night. Of inlets and coves, of secret edges. Wild
gentleness of the antiparticle, of the queerness of touch, the surveilled, the
wandering, the lost, the non-existent. Vagrant gentleness. Radical,
insubordinate, unsettled. The body’s cells in their most gentle captivity.
Basket nests, seeds. Quiet gentleness of the torn, the broken.
7.
Dear H.,
It appears to me that the “real” is an empty, meaningless category whose
monstrous importance lies only in the fact that I can do certain things in it
and not others. When I was five, my father showed me a compass. That its
needle behaved in a determined way independent of events or direct touch,
made a lasting impression on me of something deeply hidden. Our deepest
and most beautiful experiences are of the mysterious.
Yours,
Albert Einstein
8.
In his last years, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky contemplated the beauty of the
pursuit of light.
“My life has given me neither bread nor power. But I have drawn close to
atoms that think and love, that live imprisoned in stone, air, water, that
sleep with no awareness of time and live in the moment, that are aware of the
past and paint a picture of the future, that feel pain and pleasure. Though there

is the death of the body, atoms do not die.”

He died in Kaluga, Russia, at the age of 78, on September 19, 1935.

by Laurie Scheck

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Monday, April 14, 2025

There’s a Lesson to Learn From Daniel Kahneman’s Death

Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek and Peter Singer in the New York Times:

On March 19, 2024, we emailed the psychologist and Nobel laureate Daniel Kahneman, inviting him to appear on our podcast, “Lives Well Lived,” and suggesting a date in May. He replied promptly, saying that he would not be available then because he was on his way to Switzerland, where, despite being relatively healthy at 90, he planned to die by assisted suicide on March 27.

In explanation, Professor Kahneman included a letter that his friends would receive a few days later. “I have believed since I was a teenager,” he wrote, “that the miseries and indignities of the last years of life are superfluous, and I am acting on that belief. I am still active, enjoying many things in life (except the daily news) and will die a happy man. But my kidneys are on their last legs, the frequency of mental lapses is increasing, and I am 90 years old. It is time to go.”

Some of those he loved, he added, had tried to persuade him to wait until it was obvious that his life was not worth extending, but they had, reluctantly, come around to supporting his choice.

We did not try to dissuade Professor Kahneman, but we asked him to view the interview as a final opportunity to tell people what he thought they should know about living well. He accepted the invitation, though he did not wish to discuss his decision to end his life.

More here.

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LLMs and Beyond: All Roads Lead to Latent Space

Eric Drexler at AI Prospects: Toward Global Goal Alignment:

Today’s AI technologies are based on deep learning, yet “AI” is commonly equated with large language models, and the fundamental nature of deep learning and LLMs is obscured by talk of using “statistical patterns” to “predict tokens”. This token-focused framing has been a remarkably effective way to misunderstand AI.

The key concept to grasp is “latent space” (not statistics, or tokens, or algorithms). It’s representation and processing in “latent space” that are fundamental to today’s AI and to understanding future prospects. This article offers some orientation and perhaps some new perspectives.

More here.

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The Unbearable Burden of Wokeness

Nicholas Smyth in The Hedgehog Review:

In recent decades, a paradox has haunted American political life. Given that political progressives wielded considerable political, economic, and cultural influence, how is it possible that our actual social order was so resistant to real change? Why did the black-white wealth gap remain unchanged, and why did economic inequality steadily increase?  Why did basic access to affordable housing plummet? And why has higher education become a nightmarish debt sentence for poor and underprivileged people seeking a better life?

Enter sociologist Musa Al-Gharbi and his important and troubling book, We Have Never Been Woke, which provides a startling answer: Too many self-described progressives aren’t actually progressive. Rather, their progressivism is simply a means to power and social status, conveniently forgotten when it conflicts with those real aims.  For those on the left seeking to formulate a positive vision in the wake of Trump’s recent victory, Al-Gharbi’s book may offer a valuable form of self-understanding, a guide to a less hypocritical and more socially effective politics.

More here.

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