David Hockney Writ Large

Michael Prodger at The New Statesman:

If image-making is what drives him still, the possibilities of technology are also an ongoing fascination. He is one of the great draughtsmen of the 20th century but has long been happy to lay aside his pencil to tinker with art made by whatever new toy came into view – Polaroid collages, photocopiers, fax machines, multiple high-res camera rigs, and his iPad (with Apple even devising bespoke software for him). Hockney is a proselytiser, claiming that artists through history have always made use of emerging technologies. While these tools may have helped him scratch his itch, they are to many viewers a distraction and have sidetracked him from his greatest strengths. The artist, who has been heavily involved in putting together the Paris exhibition, has included a selection of these diversions: they clearly remain important to him.

Indeed, Hockney’s curatorial role extends to the colour of the gallery walls and the illuminated pink mantra on the outside of the building: “Do remember they can’t cancel the spring.”

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Monday, April 21, 2025

On Mansoura Ez Eldin’s “The Orchards of Basra”

Alex Tan at Words Without Borders:

A chronicler of the chimeric, the Egyptian writer Mansoura Ez Eldin has been celebrated in the Arab world for her feverish, fanciful plots. To read her feels like opening one’s eyes into a fugue state, a landscape in which the parameters of reality seem just slightly off-kilter. The air, in her universe, is always abuzz with ethereal presences and diaphanous bodies, anticipating the propitious moment for revelation. For someone so tuned to the monstrous and the ghostly, it’s unsurprising that Ez Eldin’s range of references encompasses everything from Arab-Islamic folklore and A Thousand and One Nights to Franz Kafka and Italo Calvino. Born in the Nile Delta and trained as a journalist, she now works as an editor at the cultural weekly Akhbar al-Adab—a background that has perhaps primed her for the dizzying hall-of-mirror densities of intertextual allusion that characterize her inventive oeuvre.

The Orchards of Basra, which was longlisted for the International Prize for Arabic Fiction in 2021, pursues the surreal and the hallucinatory with obsessive intensity. Though numerous stories of Ez Eldin’s have been published in online journals and anthologized, this is only the second of her novels to be rendered into English. Now available in Paul Starkey’s smooth and accessible translation, the book takes as its premise a recurring dream that hounds the modern-day protagonist, Hisham Khattab, as if it possesses a demonic, vengeful animacy.

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To Make Language Models Work Better, Researchers Sidestep Language

Anil Ananthaswamy in Quanta:

Language isn’t always necessary. While it certainly helps in getting across certain ideas, some neuroscientists have argued that many forms of human thought and reasoning don’t require the medium of words and grammar. Sometimes, the argument goes, having to turn ideas into language actually slows down the thought process.

Now there’s intriguing evidence that certain artificial intelligence systems could also benefit from “thinking” independently of language.

When large language models (LLMs) process information, they do so in mathematical spaces, far from the world of words. That’s because LLMs are built using deep neural networks, which essentially transform one sequence of numbers into another — they’re effectively complicated math functions. Researchers call the numerical universe in which these calculations take place a latent space.

But these models must often leave the latent space for the much more constrained one of individual words.

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Larry Summers on Harvard’s Showdown With Trump

Yascha Mounk at his own Substack:

Yascha Mounk: Larry, we’re recording a couple of weeks after Liberation Day. Are you feeling liberated?

Larry Summers: No, I’m feeling like I’m part of some kind of Kafkaesque economic tragedy. I think the master narrative, the big picture here, Yascha, is that the United States is turning itself into an emerging or a submerging market. There are set patterns that we associate with mature democracies. There are set patterns that we associate with developing countries, for which some people would use the term “banana republic.”

In mature democracies, it’s institutions that dominate; in banana republics, it’s personalities that dominate. In mature democracies, it’s the rule of law that governs interactions between businesses and between business and government; in emerging markets, it’s personalities, personal connection, and loyalty. In mature democracies, the central bank and finance sits with independence relative to politics; in emerging markets, that is much more in question. In mature democracies, the goal is interaction, openness, and prospering along with the world; in immature democracies, in emerging markets, it is nationalist economic policies tied to particular interests.

The United States in a stretch of a few short months is transforming from being the United States to being something much more like Juan Perón’s Argentina—and that is being recognized by markets. It’s being recognized in the economy. It’s being recognized by people.

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Pope Francis Dies

The Pope’s obituary at the NYT:

Pope Francis, who rose from modest means in Argentina to become the first Jesuit and Latin American pontiff, who clashed bitterly with traditionalists in his push for a more inclusive Roman Catholic Church, and who spoke out tirelessly for migrants, the marginalized and the health of the planet, died on Monday at the Vatican’s Casa Santa Marta. He was 88. The pope’s death was announced by the Vatican in a statement on X, a day after Francis appeared in his wheelchair to bless the faithful in St. Peter’s Square on Easter Sunday.

Throughout his 12-year papacy, Francis was a change agent, having inherited a Vatican in disarray in 2013 after the stunning resignation of his predecessor, Benedict XVI, a standard-bearer of Roman Catholic conservatism. Francis steadily steered the church in another direction, restocking its leadership with a diverse array of bishops who shared his pastoral, welcoming approach as he sought to open up the church. Many rank-and-file Catholics approved, believing that the church had become inward-looking and distant from ordinary people.

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There’s a Reason the World Is a Mess, and It’s Not Trump

Aaron Benanav in The New York Times:

The world is a mess.

As President Trump upends global trade through a punitive suite of tariffs and redraws America’s alliances, world leaders are scrambling to respond. They are badly placed to deal with such disruption: Across the world, governments have been losing elections — or barely holding on — in the face of rising discontent. From the United States to Uruguay, Britain to India, an anti-incumbent wave swept through democracies in 2024. But not only democracies are in crisis. China, too, is grappling with social unrest and economic instability. Strife, these days, is global.

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World’s Tiniest Pacemaker Is Smaller Than a Grain of Rice

Shelly Fan in Singularity Hub:

Scientists just unveiled the world’s tiniest pacemaker. Smaller than a grain of rice and controlled by light shone through the skin, the pacemaker generates power and squeezes the heart’s muscles after injection through a stint. The device showed it could steadily orchestrate healthy heart rhythms in rat, dog, and human hearts in a newly published study. It’s also biocompatible and eventually broken down by the body after temporary use. Over 23 times smaller than previous bioabsorbable pacemakers, the device opens the door to minimally invasive implants that wirelessly monitor heart health after extensive surgery or other heart problems.

“The extremely small sizes of these devices enable minimally invasive implantation,” the authors, led by John Rogers at Northwestern University, wrote. Paired with a wireless controller on the skin’s surface, the system automatically detected irregular heartbeats and targeted electrical zaps to different regions of the heart.

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The Marriage Dividend

Laurie Stone at The Paris Review:

Yesterday on Warren Street, Richard and I bumped into our friend Jake. If you are recognized on Warren Street, it answers many questions for the rest of the day. I said to Jake, “I love you.” I said, “Richard and I both love you.” Jake owns a shop and sees you in the way Godot would see you if he ever showed up. No one on Warren Street is waiting for Godot. If anything, we are waiting for Godot to leave. Jake said he had bottles of scented oil and he would give me some. It’s one of those offers  You have to weigh to yourself, if you are going to remind him. People can be more generous than they bargain for.

When Richard and I continued walking, he remarked that The Pitt, the doctor show we’ve been watching, is a morality tale, where we’re instructed about how to act in the face of death as well as life. It explained why it’s so much more fun to rewatch The Americans, where there is no possibility of moral certitude. At the end of the series, the FBI agent Stan allows Phillip and Elizabeth, who are spies and assassins, to escape back to Russia.

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Sunday, April 20, 2025

What Is This Nation?

David Austin Walsh in Boston Review:

“A moment of reckoning has arrived for the West.”

So say Alexander Karp and Nicholas Zamiska, top executives at Palantir Technologies—the multibillion-dollar software giant and defense contractor—in the preface to their recent book, The Technological Republic: Hard Power, Soft Belief, and the Future of the West. But their reasons aren’t the ones you probably have in mind: the return of Trump, spiraling authoritarianism, the embarrassment of the liberal international order in failing to stop Israel’s genocidal war on Gaza (partly powered, as it happens, by Palantir’s services). No: the crux of the problem is that “Silicon Valley has lost its way.” Again, not for the reasons you might think—grossly concentrated power, violations of privacy, and AI at any cost, including a habitable planet. Instead, the authors say, Big Tech has sold out to consumer capitalism, forsaking the ambition and purpose it had when it got its start in the Cold War. Our “engineering elite,” Karp and Zamiska urge, have “an affirmative obligation to participate in the defense of the nation and the articulation of a national project.”

So they set out to articulate just such a project. They call it a “technological republic,” but what exactly this comes to they never quite say. What is clear is that words like “democracy” and “social contract” have little to do with it. Their patriotism flows from a different national tradition: war. Invoking the legacy of the Manhattan Project, they argue that technology companies can find their way back to meaning by embracing military applications of AI and working closely with the Pentagon to ensure continued geopolitical dominance in the “software century.” In other words, by doing exactly what would pad Palantir’s bottom line.

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Sudan’s World War

Joshua Craze in Sidecar:

The 15 April marked the two-year anniversary of a civil war in Sudan that has left tens of thousands dead and millions displaced. I published an essay in Sidecar, ‘Gunshots in Khartoum’, two days after the war began, which tried to trace its emergent lineaments. The conflict initially pitted the Sudanese army against the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) – a paramilitary organization formed during the reign of dictator Omar al Bashir (1989-2019). In the war’s first weeks, the RSF overran much of Khartoum, Sudan’s capital, including the Presidential Palace. Initially constructed in 1825, during the Turkish-Egyptian colonisation of Sudan, the palace was the headquarters of an imperial regime intent on enslaving and plundering the rest of the country. The last governor of Turco-Egyptian Sudan (1820-1885), Charles Gordon, was killed by Mahdist insurgents on the steps of the palace in 1885. Successive regimes would retain both the exploitative tendencies of the Turco-Egyptian colonialists, and their obsession with the Presidential Palace. After the Mahdists demolished it, the British rebuilt it during their colonial occupation of Sudan (1898-1955). It became the ‘Republican Palace’ after Sudanese independence in 1956, and then – albeit briefly – the ‘People’s Palace’ during the reign of Jafaar Nimeiri (1969-1985). Bashir, who took power in a coup in 1989, ordered the construction of a new palace, next to the old one, built and funded by the Chinese. He didn’t get to stay long in his new abode. A wave of protests in 2018-19, triggered by cuts to grain and fuel subsidies, ended his regime.

A transitional government was established in 2019, which saw civilian politicians uncomfortably share power with the leaders of Sudan’s security services: Abdul Fattah Al Burhan, the chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), was made the head of a Sovereign Council, while Mohamed Hamdan Daglo (also known as Hemedti), the RSF’s leader, became his deputy. The two men soon conspired to push the civilians out of power.

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Restoring Multilaterism

Richard Kozul-Wright and Kevin Gallagher in Phenomenal World:

The “rules-based order” is more a confessional community of ardent believers in the benign global influence of American economic and political power than an accurate description of global governance. This is not widely understood. The more common story is that—per, to take a recent example, Paul Krugman—after the Second World War, Pax Americana “chose not to rig the system in its favor,” and instead cultivated a new model of hegemonic governance based on decency, benevolence, and restraint.

Donald Trump’s ascendancy to the White House through the murkier worlds of mega real estate deals and reality television means he has never had much time for such values—nor for the internationalist trappings typical of more vaunted members of “the order.” That unique personal history is beginning to hit home.

A flurry of Presidential decrees since January 17 has taken direct aim at key institutions of international cooperation, both domestic and multilateral. More are expected. There is certainly malice in these actions, and perhaps a little madness. But they embody an underlying belief in the restorative power and technological acumen of American business to make the country great again—and a determination to ensure that it is not obstructed by countervailing forces at home or abroad.

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Rosarita by Anita Desai – a moving tale of memory and identity

Fiona Sturges in The Guardian:

In this novella from the three times Booker-shortlisted Anita Desai, a young Indian woman named Bonita is accosted by a chatty stranger who says she recognises her as the daughter of Rosarita, a dear friend she knew years ago at art school in Mexico. Bonita, a language student in San Miguel de Allende, is irritated by the woman and tells her she must be mistaken: “I don’t paint. Nor did my mother.” But then she remembers an old painting that hung in her childhood bedroom depicting a woman seated on a park bench rendered “in wishy-washy pastels”. In the picture there is a child playing in the sand at the woman’s feet. Although they are mother and child, it’s as if they have “no relation to each other, each absorbed in a separate world, and silent”.

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Friday, April 18, 2025

A.O. Scott’s Poetry Lessons

Jonathan Farmer at Slate:

For 23 years, A.O. Scott was a film critic for the New York Times. For the past five months, he has been the nation’s most prominent poetry critic, writing a monthly column that uses the Times’ interactive technology to analyze a single poem at a time. Scott isn’t coming to poetry as a true outsider. He finished all the coursework and exams for a Ph.D. in literature, and he was a literary critic before he started writing about movies. But when most writing about poetry is done by poets and lifelong academics, many of whom seem to view other poets and academics as their primary audience, that still makes Scott an unusual and welcome presence.

Scott’s columns on such poets as Gwendolyn BrooksPhilip Larkin, and Diane Seuss are inviting, approachable, playful, and smart. He’s a perceptive reader, and he has a knack for writing about poems in ways that lend shape and even excitement to the act of reading and thinking about them. He’s also comfortable ignoring some of the orthodoxies that too often obscure what it’s actually like to read a poem. Scott and I met over Zoom to talk about what poems are actually for, why many sophisticated readers fear poetry, and why I’m wrong to think a couple of em dashes cannot be a hug.

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