America, América

Jennifer Szalai at the NYT:

“America, América” is implicitly a companion volume to Grandin’s Pulitzer Prize-winning “The End of Myth,” which explored the role played by the frontier in the American imagination. Grandin posited that the mythology of an ever-expanding frontier encouraged fantasies of infinite growth and delusions of innocence. Instead of grappling with scarcity and contradiction, Americans learned simply to go west. He traced how the United States became “inured to its brutality and accustomed to a unique prerogative: its ability to organize politics around the promise of constant, endless expansion.”

South of the United States, a starkly different experience made for a different understanding of the world. In “America, América,” Grandin shows how Spanish Americans viewed frontiers not as escape valves but “as historic theaters of terror and domination.” He maintains that this sense of anguish gave rise to a strain of Latin American humanism that became foundational to ideals of international cooperation and global institutions, including the United Nations.

more here.

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Fifty years after the Vietnam War’s end, lessons from the peace movement on mobilizing resistance

David Cortright at the Boston Review:

We hoped that our collective struggles had made a difference in ending a war that never should have been fought.

Fifty years later, the consensus is firm: we had. Over the years, scholars have documented the many influences of peace protest in altering U.S. policy. As Carolyn Eisenberg affirms in her recent history, Fire and Rain, “Waves of mass demonstrations, accompanied by growing resistance inside the military, ongoing electoral activity, and lobbying efforts on Capitol Hill imposed significant constraints on presidential decision making.” Over the course of the war, as the pressure intensified, White House decisions were increasingly based on concerns about public opinion and antiwar action, writes historian Melvin Small.

Today, amid the political devastation in Washington, examining how peace protesters confronted the U.S. war machine holds vital lessons.

More here.

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On Trash And Speculative Fiction

B.D. McClay at The Point:

A proposition: though “trash art” remains with us, the trash artist is a dying species. Trash art is focus-grouped these days, high-gloss. Trash art is a direct-to-streaming show full of people who are slightly too attractive that’s meant to be played in the background while you play Candy Crush on your phone. Even our truly lowbrow cultural productions, like The Bachelor, are not the product of particular people; they’re crafted through a system. Without romanticizing the old days of pulp magazines and Brill Building song writers, we can—ah hell! Let’s romanticize them. Why not? They certainly put out lots of garbage, but it was honest human garbage. Look at an old issue of Weird Tales—in terms of nostalgic reverence, the Partisan Review of pulp fiction—with its now charmingly dated pinup girls on the cover, and its promise of many stupid adventures within, and try not to romanticize it.

In terms of its social standing, all trash is genre, but not all genre is trash.

more here.

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Many Jews say Trump is politicizing the fight against antisemitism

Naftali Bendavid in The Washington Post:

The Trump administration declared last week that “harassment of Jewish students is intolerable” as it suspended $2.2 billion in grants to Harvard University. The school’s president, Alan Garber, fired back Monday that “as a Jew and as an American,” he is well aware of rising antisemitism but that defunding Harvard is no solution.

The Trump administration has frequently cited antisemitism to justify its decisions to slash funding for elite universities, deport foreign students it accuses of anti-Jewish sentiment, and seek more control over what American schools and universities teach. Some Jewish leaders welcome President Donald Trump’s efforts as the most aggressive fight against anti-Jewish bigotry in American history. But others worry that Trump is politicizing the fight against antisemitism by using it to promote his agenda — potentially hurting Jews in the long run, especially as Trump dismantles other antidiscrimination efforts.

More here.

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Larry David Imagines a Private Dinner With Hitler

Patrick Healy in The New York Times:

Last Wednesday night I received an email out of the blue from Larry David, the comedian and creator of “Curb Your Enthusiasm,” saying that he had a guest essay submission. I opened the document and read the first line: “Imagine my surprise when in the spring of 1939 a letter arrived at my house inviting me to dinner at the Old Chancellery with the world’s most reviled man, Adolf Hitler.”

“OK,” I thought. “This is different.”

Times Opinion has a high bar for satire — our mission is geared toward idea-driven, fact-based arguments — and we have a really, really high bar for commenting on today’s world by invoking Hitler. As a general rule, we seek to avoid Nazi references unless that is the literal subject matter; callbacks to history can be offensive, imprecise or in terrible taste when you are leveraging genocidal dictators to make a point.

I also understood Larry’s intent in writing this piece. We had spoken about American politics and how some on the left and in the center think it’s important to talk and engage with President Trump. Like many people, Larry listened to Bill Maher talk about his recent dinner with Trump; Bill, a comedian Larry respects, said in a monologue on his Max show that he found the president to be “gracious and measured” compared with the man who attacks him on Truth Social. Larry’s piece is not equating Trump with Hitler. It is about seeing people for who they really are and not losing sight of that.

More here.

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Friday Poem

Growing Cynical

Sometimes, lately, I don’t believe it:
the news, the grocery store flyer hawking
deals on things I never buy.
Any speed limit, weather report,
my weight on the scale, even my bills.
I say to myself a likely story! Or
you’ve gotta be kidding. Hannah Arendt
wrote about this, how the lies
are not meant to fool us but teach
us in time to not believe anything.
Well, it’s working on me, Hannah.
I didn’t snap, I floated away
into some sort of muted universe
where my brain isn’t sharp
and doesn’t care, I’m back
in a middle-class San Francisco
childhood walking our beagle Skipper
up to the corner, around to the flat
part of the block and turning again
while she smells invisible
neighborhood news from curb
and driveway until I tug the leash
and say Come. She is a good dog
and comes. I can feel the edge
of a fog bank far out at sea, waiting.

by Molly Fisk
from Rattle Magazine

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Thursday, April 24, 2025

On Not Carrying a Camera

John Rosenthal in The Hedgehog Review:

I don’t carry a camera in my hometown of Chapel Hill, and even though my cellphone contains a camera, I use it only for snapshots. Naturally, there were moments when I wished I had a camera with me. Once, while walking in my neighborhood at twilight, I felt a strange rush of energy in the air, and, suddenly, no more than twenty feet away, a majestically antlered whitetail buck soared over a garden fence and hurtled down the dimming street. Yet even as it was happening—this unexpectedly preternatural moment—I tried to imagine it as a photograph. That’s how we’ve been taught to think. “Oh, I wish I’d had a camera!” But that presumes I would have been prepared to capture the moment—instead of being startled by it. Yet being startled by beauty is a uniquely, and all too rare, human gift. The photograph comes later, when I journey back from astonishment and begin to fiddle with my camera.

More here.

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Neuroscientists discover ‘rules’ for how neurons encode new information

William Wright and Takaki Komiyama in The Conversation:

For decades, neuroscientists have thought that the brain learns by changing how neurons are connected to one another. As new information and experiences alter how neurons communicate with each other and change their collective activity patterns, some synaptic connections are made stronger while others are made weaker. This process of synaptic plasticity is what produces representations of new information and experiences within your brain.

In order for your brain to produce the correct representations during learning, however, the right synaptic connections must undergo the right changes at the right time. The “rules” that your brain uses to select which synapses to change during learning – what neuroscientists call the credit assignment problem – have remained largely unclear.

We decided to monitor the activity of individual synaptic connections within the brain during learning to see whether we could identify activity patterns that determine which connections would get stronger or weaker.

More here.

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My conversation with Peter Singer’s AI chatbot

Stephanie Convery in The Guardian:

It’s been nearly two decades since I finished my undergraduate degree, and my memories of my philosophy major, like most things associated with one’s early adulthood, are hazy at best.

Me: Do you consider yourself sentient?

Peter Singer AI: No, I am not sentient. I am an AI language model designed to simulate conversation based on Peter Singer’s work. Sentience involves having subjective experiences, which I do not possess.

Me: Why, then, do you think you can provide meaningful advice to sentient beings?

Peter Singer AI: I provide insights based on the ethical principles and philosophical arguments developed by Peter Singer. These principles focus on improving the well-being of sentient beings, and aim to help people reflect on their ethical decisions. While I am not sentient, I can still facilitate thoughtful discussions on these topics.

Singer has had a long and high-profile career in philosophy. He has only recently retired from Princeton University, where he was professor of bioethics. His CV is extensive (it runs to a full 102 pages). He has a Substack, a podcast, a Bluesky account, a journal he co-edits, and a polished online presence. As I’m scrolling through the storied septuagenarian philosopher’s blog, the chatbot pops up in the corner of the page. I can’t help but feeling like I am being sold something.

In launching his chatbot, Singer described the tool as “employing the Socratic method” – that is, dialogue – to “[guide] users through a process of critical thinking and self-examination”. But I have questions about that.

More here.

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Delusions of Paradise – a compelling rejection of fundamentalism

Lucy Popescu in The Guardian:

Born in Kabul, Maiwand Banayee aspired to become a Talib when he was 16. In 1994, living in a Pakistan refugee camp, there was little to do except sleep, eat, pray and dream of the afterlife: “Islam dominated every aspect of life in Shamshatoo. Even during the volleyball and cricket games the spectators were prevented from clapping because it was seen as un-Islamic.” Banayee joined the camp’s madrasa when he was 14 in an attempt “to fit in”. The only educational opportunity open to Afghans at that time, the religious school offered structure and purpose, although “instead of teaching us to live, they were teaching us to die”.

In this illuminating book, Banayee, now resident in England, describes the circumstances that led to his indoctrination, and what eventually saved him. Brutalised by conflict, his Pashtun family lived through the Soviet-Afghan war, followed by the period of bitter infighting between warlords. As a child, Banayee saw his neighbourhood torn apart and corpses rotting in the street: “By the winter of 1994, Kabul had turned into a deserted place, as if hit by Armageddon – a place of daily bombardments, looting and arbitrary arrests. The savagery and violence had no limits.” Banayee, his siblings and brother’s family eventually sought refuge in Pakistan, while his parents remained in Kabul with his disabled sister, Gul, fearing she would not survive the journey.

More here.

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Muscle Memory Isn’t What You Think It Is

Bonnie Tsui in Wired:

We all want to know if and how we can come back to form after injury, illness, or a long hiatus. Muscles adapt in response to the environment: They grow when we put in the work and shrink when we stop. But what if we could help them remember how to grow?

As a general rule, cell biologists don’t enter their careers by running through the gauntlet of top-tier professional sports. But in the years that Adam Sharples played as a front-row forward in the UK’s Rugby Football League, he found himself wondering about cell mechanisms that helped muscles to grow after different types of exercise.

A front-row position in pro rugby means that you have to be, well, “quite big,” as Adam puts it. “I was in the gym lifting weights from the age of about 12, I think,” he says.

More here.

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Gillian Carnegie’s ‘1972’

Barry Schwabsky at Artforum:

GILLIAN CARNEGIE’S current show at Gladstone Gallery in New York, the first significant presentation of the English painter’s work in the United States since 2011, comprises just seven works, most of them rehearsing imagery she has used before: a couple of paintings of a tree—maybe the same one in summer, in full leaf, and bare-branched in winter?—a pair of portraits, a still life of flowers, two depictions of the same white cat. Although exquisitely rendered, their mostly pale, mostly grisaille palette puts these images at a ghostly remove from reality.

Carnegie has been painting that tree—or trees like that tree—since 2004, those dried flowers in a cutoff plastic water bottle (or ones like them) since 2000, the white cat since 2017 (succeeding a black one painted many times between 2009 and 2016). One of the two female portrait subjects, who looks like the artist herself, was also painted in a different pose in 2020. But then there is something else: I can’t help but thinking of the old quip that Paul Cézanne painted his wife as if she were an apple.

more here.

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Who Is Diotima?

Armand D’Angour at Aeon Magazine:

In Plato’s dialogue Symposium, seven varied speeches are made on the meaning of love at an all-male drinking party set in ancient Athens in 416 BCE. One of the participants is the philosopher Socrates, and when it comes to his turn to speak, he is made to say something surprising: he proposes to ‘tell the truth’ about love. It’s surprising because in other Platonic dialogues, where Socrates address­es questions such as ‘What is knowledge?’, ‘What is excellence?’, and ‘What is courage?’, he has no positive answers to give about these central areas of human thought and experience: in fact, Socrates was well known for having laid no claim to know­ledge, and for asserting that ‘the only thing I know is that I do not know’. How is it, then, that Socrates can claim to know the truth about something as fundamental and potentially all-encomp­assing as love?

The answer is that, in the Symposium, Socrates claims to know the truth only because he learned it from someone else. He describes his teacher of love as a ‘clever non-Athenian woman who had knowledge of this and many other things’ (my translations throughout).

more here.

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Thursday Poem

Forever Chemicals

DuPont coats the ocean.
Stain, rain, grease-resistant PFAS
slick the tide, crash the cliffs,
catch the breeze. Lungs and leaves
vacuum the patented
miracle compounds to drift
in the vascular currents of earth
through radish roots, umbilical cords,
the baleens of whales, the soft
aspirant skin of frogs.

Chemical chains of popcorn bags
ride the rain back to the corn and crows.
Teflon slides from the skillet to the wheat
to its threshers and beetles.

Comfortable in my polyfluoroalkyl-
saturated raincoat, I balance
on salt-polished boulders that rim
the churn of the bay. Waves pull and pound.
The rocks atomize ocean to a gentle mist;
prisms shutter in the blur, gulls glide.
I breathe deeply, feel the spray and all
that it carries precipitate
into the waters of my body.

by Robin Woolman
from EcoTheo Review

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Wednesday, April 23, 2025

On “Eleanor Rigby” as a Product of the Combined Genius of John Lennon and Paul McCartney

Ian Leslie at Literary Hub:

In the early months of 1966, whenever Paul McCartney sat down at a piano, wherever it was, he would start tinkering with a song he called “Miss Daisy Hawkins.” From the moment he found its first five syllabic notes, the song seems to have found its themes: loneliness, futility, the end of life. McCartney was twenty-three. Without discussing it, both John Lennon and Paul came back from their break with songs about death, written from a detached, omniscient perspective.

In “Tomorrow Never Knows” John dispenses instruction from the mountaintop. In two minutes, “Eleanor Rigby” captures the entire lives of two individuals in a series of stark images. Musically, both songs are stripped down to a few parts in order to distill and intensify some essence. “Eleanor Rigby” confines itself to a narrow melodic range and the song has minimal harmonic development: like “Tomorrow Never Knows,” it alternates between just two chords.

Set in a minor key, its tightly wound, almost claustrophobic verse plays out over an accompaniment—a string section arranged by George Martin—that sticks close to the tonic, except when the cellos burst into a galloping run up the scale. This section is joined to a refrain in which the singer asks where all the lonely people come from while the cellos play a Bach-style descending line.

More here.

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Today a bitter dispute about the nature of biology is underway

Zachary B Hancock in Aeon:

Sixty years ago, a debate raged between two titans of evolutionary biology that came to be known by some as the ‘beanbag debates’. At the heart of the debate were two differing views on how to study the living world – on one side were the ‘beanbag geneticists’, who believed the evolutionary process could be represented by mathematics, and that this was a fruitful way of elucidating general rules about the living world. The other side contended that this mathematics was overly simplistic and misleading, atomising organisms to nothing more than genes, and that it missed all the important complexities of real organisms.

The feud kicked off in 1959, at the centennial celebration of the publication of Darwin’s Origin of Species at Cold Spring Harbor in New York. The keynote address was delivered by the biologist Ernst Mayr. On the surface, the symposium seemed an incredible opportunity to reflect on everything evolutionary biology had accomplished since 1859. Mayr’s address was auspiciously titled ‘Where Are We?’ and would set the stage for the rest of the conference.

But Mayr had intentions beyond flattering his audience.

More here.

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Wednesday Poem

Ann’s Poem

This is a poem for Ann
……. so….. it has to be beautiful
……………. it has to be strong
……. ………it has to endure

This is a poem for Ann
……. so….. it must have fluidity
……………. it must be warm
……. ………it has to have sunshine

This is a poem for Ann
……. so….. if it cries it cries alone
……………. if it despairs it never says
……………..if it is scared it whistles a happy tune

This is a poem for Ann
……. so….. let’s be sure it is prejudice free
…………….. let’s be sure it has many colors
…………….. let’s make certain it has perfect manners

This is a poem for Ann
……. so….. let’s let it sing
…………….. let’s let it dance
…………….. and please please please let it paint

This is a poem for Ann
……. so….. so it is
……………..full of love
……………..full of love
……………..full of love

by Nikki Giovanni
from Quilting the Black-eyed Pea
Harper Perennial

(for Ann Weinstein)

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