A Deep Dive Into Giorgio Morandi

Lawrence Weschler at Wondercabinet:

It’s been an exceptionally rich decade for fans of the great mid-century Italian master Giorgio Morandi here in New York City, beginning with the superb retrospective at the Metropolitan back in 2008 (which I’ve already referenced in the pages of this Cabinet back in Issue 16) and then following through more recently with that superb little “Time Suspended” pop-up exhibition organized by Rome’s Mattia de Luca Gallery on the upper East Side last fall, culminating earlier this year with the Zwirner Gallery’s ravishing “Morandi Masterpieces from the Magnani-Rocca Foundation” show (which closed last month, alas).

Such hushed plenitude of being, spread across such a meticulously balanced sense of presence. But for me one of the special pleasures of the Zwirner show, which I must have visited a half dozen times, was the chance to revisit conversations I used to have with my great late old friend Robert Irwin, several of which I included in my Seeing is Forgetting volumes.

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A New History of the New World

Anthony Pagden at Literary Review:

South America’, declared the North American Review in the early 19th century, ‘will be to North America what Asia and Africa are to Europe.’ ‘Not quite,’ says Greg Grandin. But also not for want of trying. America, América is the by turns woeful, despairing and ironic tale of the USA’s sustained attempts to turn its southern neighbours into clients or dependencies, if not colonies. But it is also a passionate plea for a re-evaluation of the place of Spanish America, so often shunted off into the ‘Global South’, in the evolution of the modern global order. As with Grandin’s previous books – one of which, Empire’s Workshop, covers some of the same ground – it is written with great flair and imagination, scattered with scintillating turns of phrase and pervaded with a sense of barely suppressed indignation. 

This is the story of how the ‘Western Hemisphere idea’ – the notion that the world is divided into two hemispheres, and that the peoples of the Western Hemisphere stand in a special relationship to one another – has evolved from the earliest encounters between Jefferson and Francisco de Miranda, companion in arms of Simón Bolívar, up to the present. It is also, however, the story of how the USA has consistently exploited the disunited states to its south. Some of the events Grandin describes are familiar: the seizure of the Panamanian president Manuel Noriega in 1989; the more hands-off meddling in the political affairs of Chile in the 1970s.

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Tuesday, April 22, 2025

How a famous Chinese author befriended his censor

Murong Xuecun in The Guardian:

After three years as a censor, Liu detests his job. He detests the white office ceiling, the grey industrial carpet and the office that feels more like a factory. He also detests his 200-odd colleagues sitting in their cubicles, each concentrating on their mouse and keyboard as they delete or hide content.

One afternoon, the office boredom is disturbed when Chen Min* in the next cubicle suddenly jumps up, limbs flailing ecstatically. He has uncovered Wang Dan’s Weibo account. All the censors know that Wang Dan, one of the 1989 student leaders, political criminal and exile, is considered by the Chinese government to be one of the most important enemies of the state. Finding him is a big deal, and the news is immediately reported to the Sina Weibo office in Beijing. It might even be reported to the public security bureau.

The following month, a senior manager comes specially from Beijing to highly commend Chen Min for discovering intelligence about the “enemy”, praising his “acuity” and “high level of awareness”, and bestows on him a small bonus. All his colleagues applaud and shout in admiration. All except Liu.

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Radical approach to shrink particle colliders gains momentum

Elizabeth Gibney in Nature:

Physicists are sketching the designs of a particle accelerator that would be radically smaller and cheaper than existing facilities. The technique behind these designs, known as wakefield acceleration, has been studied since the 1970s but is now making rapid advances.

Physicists use accelerators to study particles in intense detail, and, they hope, to discover new ones. Now that scientists are thrashing out plans for the next flagship particle colliders — to follow on from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, Europe’s particle-physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland — wakefield researchers are making their case to be involved. “Now is where the rubber meets the road,” says Spencer Gessner, a particle physicist at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in Menlo Park, California, and part of the group working on a design for a wakefield accelerator.

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Agnes Callard and the politics of public philosophy

Olúfémi O. Táíwò in The Nation:

Agnes Callard’s Open Socrates is like many works of philosophy: It is addressed to a certain kind of skeptic. Most philosophical works are addressed to skeptics, but they tend to be philosophical skeptics—the metaphysician who doesn’t find arguments for the existence of the external world convincing, the philosopher of knowledge who isn’t quite sure our hunches count as “knowledge,” the moral philosopher who hears talk of “normativity” and can’t shake the mental image of a cop barking orders ultimately backed by violence rather than deep moral truth. Those skeptics are, at bottom, in on it: They are moved and movable by philosophical argument, or so we imagine.

Callard’s book is addressed to a different kind of skeptic: the one skeptical of the philosophical life. As she writes in the introduction, even academic philosophers often separate the rest of their own lives from their philosophical inquiry and give anodyne and bloodless justifications, such as the development of “critical thinking skills,” when pressed about the discipline’s value. This evasion amounts to the conviction for many of us that we are already intellectual enough about how we live our lives and that we shouldn’t “overdo it” when it comes to living reflectively. Callard wants to make the case for taking a different path, for the examined life: a life of courage and curiosity that is modeled, she argues, after Socrates and his approach to relentless questioning and open-ended philosophical conversations.

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Richard Serra And His Sites

Mariana Mogilevich at n+1:

I can imagine collecting, printing out, piling up all the books and journal articles produced on Richard Serra and how closely those stacks might equal the 320 tons (or 11 ½ feet) of Equal, eight boxes of equal volume but different dimensions stacked so that the immediate impression is one of simultaneous solidity and precarity. Over the past half century the art history industry has produced reams of interpretation, incorporating no shortage of words by Serra himself. The author of work so totally laconic has set the terms of its understanding as if the death of the author bypassed him entirely. I think of the spokesartist Robert Motherwell, who expended an awful lot of energy not so much on auto-interpretation as on ennobling a generation of abstract expressionist men, heroic and sublime (Vir Heroicus Sublimus, the painting by Serra influence Barnett Newman, on view two floors up from Equal at MoMA). After shoring up his and his friends’ reputations, Motherwell spent his later career relentlessly churning out canvases to finance his East Hampton house and lifestyle. Less defined by the company he kept than the space he occupied, Serra died at 85, in March 2024, in Orient. Serra had long kept a home and studio, designed by the same architect who transformed so many industrial structures for the display of his sculptures and who built a weekend house next door, on the tip of Long Island’s more rugged but still very expensive North Fork.

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At the dawn of life, did metabolism come first?

Viviane Callier in Knowable Magazine:

Four billion years ago, our planet was water and barren rock. Out of this, some mighty complicated chemistry bubbled up, perhaps in a pond or a deep ocean vent. Eventually, that chemistry got wrapped in membranes, a primitive cell developed and life emerged from the ooze.

But how? Among the many mysteries is a chicken-and-egg problem to solve. The proteins called enzymes that get chemical reactions going inside cells are created from instructions carried in genetic material: DNA or RNA. But at the start, those molecules weren’t around: To make them, you need enzymes.

So what got things going?

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David Hockney Writ Large

Michael Prodger at The New Statesman:

If image-making is what drives him still, the possibilities of technology are also an ongoing fascination. He is one of the great draughtsmen of the 20th century but has long been happy to lay aside his pencil to tinker with art made by whatever new toy came into view – Polaroid collages, photocopiers, fax machines, multiple high-res camera rigs, and his iPad (with Apple even devising bespoke software for him). Hockney is a proselytiser, claiming that artists through history have always made use of emerging technologies. While these tools may have helped him scratch his itch, they are to many viewers a distraction and have sidetracked him from his greatest strengths. The artist, who has been heavily involved in putting together the Paris exhibition, has included a selection of these diversions: they clearly remain important to him.

Indeed, Hockney’s curatorial role extends to the colour of the gallery walls and the illuminated pink mantra on the outside of the building: “Do remember they can’t cancel the spring.”

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Monday, April 21, 2025

On Mansoura Ez Eldin’s “The Orchards of Basra”

Alex Tan at Words Without Borders:

A chronicler of the chimeric, the Egyptian writer Mansoura Ez Eldin has been celebrated in the Arab world for her feverish, fanciful plots. To read her feels like opening one’s eyes into a fugue state, a landscape in which the parameters of reality seem just slightly off-kilter. The air, in her universe, is always abuzz with ethereal presences and diaphanous bodies, anticipating the propitious moment for revelation. For someone so tuned to the monstrous and the ghostly, it’s unsurprising that Ez Eldin’s range of references encompasses everything from Arab-Islamic folklore and A Thousand and One Nights to Franz Kafka and Italo Calvino. Born in the Nile Delta and trained as a journalist, she now works as an editor at the cultural weekly Akhbar al-Adab—a background that has perhaps primed her for the dizzying hall-of-mirror densities of intertextual allusion that characterize her inventive oeuvre.

The Orchards of Basra, which was longlisted for the International Prize for Arabic Fiction in 2021, pursues the surreal and the hallucinatory with obsessive intensity. Though numerous stories of Ez Eldin’s have been published in online journals and anthologized, this is only the second of her novels to be rendered into English. Now available in Paul Starkey’s smooth and accessible translation, the book takes as its premise a recurring dream that hounds the modern-day protagonist, Hisham Khattab, as if it possesses a demonic, vengeful animacy.

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To Make Language Models Work Better, Researchers Sidestep Language

Anil Ananthaswamy in Quanta:

Language isn’t always necessary. While it certainly helps in getting across certain ideas, some neuroscientists have argued that many forms of human thought and reasoning don’t require the medium of words and grammar. Sometimes, the argument goes, having to turn ideas into language actually slows down the thought process.

Now there’s intriguing evidence that certain artificial intelligence systems could also benefit from “thinking” independently of language.

When large language models (LLMs) process information, they do so in mathematical spaces, far from the world of words. That’s because LLMs are built using deep neural networks, which essentially transform one sequence of numbers into another — they’re effectively complicated math functions. Researchers call the numerical universe in which these calculations take place a latent space.

But these models must often leave the latent space for the much more constrained one of individual words.

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Larry Summers on Harvard’s Showdown With Trump

Yascha Mounk at his own Substack:

Yascha Mounk: Larry, we’re recording a couple of weeks after Liberation Day. Are you feeling liberated?

Larry Summers: No, I’m feeling like I’m part of some kind of Kafkaesque economic tragedy. I think the master narrative, the big picture here, Yascha, is that the United States is turning itself into an emerging or a submerging market. There are set patterns that we associate with mature democracies. There are set patterns that we associate with developing countries, for which some people would use the term “banana republic.”

In mature democracies, it’s institutions that dominate; in banana republics, it’s personalities that dominate. In mature democracies, it’s the rule of law that governs interactions between businesses and between business and government; in emerging markets, it’s personalities, personal connection, and loyalty. In mature democracies, the central bank and finance sits with independence relative to politics; in emerging markets, that is much more in question. In mature democracies, the goal is interaction, openness, and prospering along with the world; in immature democracies, in emerging markets, it is nationalist economic policies tied to particular interests.

The United States in a stretch of a few short months is transforming from being the United States to being something much more like Juan Perón’s Argentina—and that is being recognized by markets. It’s being recognized in the economy. It’s being recognized by people.

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Pope Francis Dies

The Pope’s obituary at the NYT:

Pope Francis, who rose from modest means in Argentina to become the first Jesuit and Latin American pontiff, who clashed bitterly with traditionalists in his push for a more inclusive Roman Catholic Church, and who spoke out tirelessly for migrants, the marginalized and the health of the planet, died on Monday at the Vatican’s Casa Santa Marta. He was 88. The pope’s death was announced by the Vatican in a statement on X, a day after Francis appeared in his wheelchair to bless the faithful in St. Peter’s Square on Easter Sunday.

Throughout his 12-year papacy, Francis was a change agent, having inherited a Vatican in disarray in 2013 after the stunning resignation of his predecessor, Benedict XVI, a standard-bearer of Roman Catholic conservatism. Francis steadily steered the church in another direction, restocking its leadership with a diverse array of bishops who shared his pastoral, welcoming approach as he sought to open up the church. Many rank-and-file Catholics approved, believing that the church had become inward-looking and distant from ordinary people.

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There’s a Reason the World Is a Mess, and It’s Not Trump

Aaron Benanav in The New York Times:

The world is a mess.

As President Trump upends global trade through a punitive suite of tariffs and redraws America’s alliances, world leaders are scrambling to respond. They are badly placed to deal with such disruption: Across the world, governments have been losing elections — or barely holding on — in the face of rising discontent. From the United States to Uruguay, Britain to India, an anti-incumbent wave swept through democracies in 2024. But not only democracies are in crisis. China, too, is grappling with social unrest and economic instability. Strife, these days, is global.

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World’s Tiniest Pacemaker Is Smaller Than a Grain of Rice

Shelly Fan in Singularity Hub:

Scientists just unveiled the world’s tiniest pacemaker. Smaller than a grain of rice and controlled by light shone through the skin, the pacemaker generates power and squeezes the heart’s muscles after injection through a stint. The device showed it could steadily orchestrate healthy heart rhythms in rat, dog, and human hearts in a newly published study. It’s also biocompatible and eventually broken down by the body after temporary use. Over 23 times smaller than previous bioabsorbable pacemakers, the device opens the door to minimally invasive implants that wirelessly monitor heart health after extensive surgery or other heart problems.

“The extremely small sizes of these devices enable minimally invasive implantation,” the authors, led by John Rogers at Northwestern University, wrote. Paired with a wireless controller on the skin’s surface, the system automatically detected irregular heartbeats and targeted electrical zaps to different regions of the heart.

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The Marriage Dividend

Laurie Stone at The Paris Review:

Yesterday on Warren Street, Richard and I bumped into our friend Jake. If you are recognized on Warren Street, it answers many questions for the rest of the day. I said to Jake, “I love you.” I said, “Richard and I both love you.” Jake owns a shop and sees you in the way Godot would see you if he ever showed up. No one on Warren Street is waiting for Godot. If anything, we are waiting for Godot to leave. Jake said he had bottles of scented oil and he would give me some. It’s one of those offers  You have to weigh to yourself, if you are going to remind him. People can be more generous than they bargain for.

When Richard and I continued walking, he remarked that The Pitt, the doctor show we’ve been watching, is a morality tale, where we’re instructed about how to act in the face of death as well as life. It explained why it’s so much more fun to rewatch The Americans, where there is no possibility of moral certitude. At the end of the series, the FBI agent Stan allows Phillip and Elizabeth, who are spies and assassins, to escape back to Russia.

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