Social Media Use and Adult Depression

Erin O’Donnell in Harvard Magazine:

Parenting teenagers in 2022 generally entails worrying about their use of platforms such as Instagram, Snapchat, and TikTok; multiple studies point to links between social-media use and anxiety and depression among children and adolescents. Yet a new study reveals similar associations between depression and social-media use for their parents and grandparents too.

The findings come out of the COVID States Project, a series of surveys of adults in all 50 states, which began in spring 2020, soon after the pandemic began. It’s led by a multidisciplinary team of researchers from four universities, including Roy Perlis, the Dozoretz Professor of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and John Della Volpe, director of polling at the Harvard Kennedy School’s Institute of Politics. For this study, they identified more than 5,000 people, with an average age of 56, who showed no signs of depression as measured by a standard screening. Participants initially were asked if they use social media. When surveyed again later, those who used Snapchat, Facebook, and TikTok were more likely to report symptoms of depression.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Sunday Poem

The Lost One

Floating on the great night sea, your little boat
secure as a comforter. Something comes your
way – a swell? a seasurge? something rising
from the deep, shaping itself out of all that
amorphousness. Now it has a hand reaching
out to you – you lean its way more and more
until the gunwale almost touches the water,
but you can’t quite reach it. You see the hand
start to lose confidence, “Hold on,” you say, “I’ll
wake up, take notes, write you down. We’ll be
friends. I’ll listen,” but the hand knows its only
talk and slides back down into the general drift.
When you come to shore in the morning your
only catch is knowing something was lost.

by Nils Peterson

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Friday, April 25, 2025

New Horizons in Prescriptivism Research

Stan Carey at Sentence first:

In the Preface to his landmark Dictionary of 1755, Samuel Johnson wrote that ‘sounds are too volatile and subtile for legal restraints; to enchain syllables, and to lash the wind, are equally the undertakings of pride’. Any dictionary, any grammar, is but a snapshot: all living languages change, and they do so constantly and at every level.

Yet there is an instinct in many of us to fix aspects of our language or to nudge it in this or that direction. It’s commonplace to the point of banality to flinch at a pronunciation, spelling, idiom, or other usage. The trick is to acknowledge the subjectivity (and usually futility, and often infelicity) of such a feeling – maybe even to get over it.

The caricature of prescriptivism – the prescribing of norms in language use – is of pedants and purists decrying variation and innovation in language, insisting on style rules they learned in school. But prescriptivism is a broad church. It can make a linguistic variety more consistent, enhancing its communicative reach and facility. Some prescriptivism, contra the conservative stereotype, is progressive, advocating a more inclusive lexicon.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

David Ginty has spent his career cataloging the neurons beneath everyday sensations

Ariel Bleicher in Quanta:

Like many proud parents, David Ginty has decorated his office with pictures of his genetic creations. There’s the prickly one sporting a spiked collar and the wannabe cowboy twirling a lasso. There’s the dramatic one, always reacting to the slightest provocation; the observant one that notices every detail; the golden child Ginty loves to boast about. “They’re like a family,” he said. “Each one has its own quirks and individual characteristics.”

They’re not really a family and, anyway, they’re not his children. They have evolved over millions of years to give humans and other mammals an interface with the physical world around us. But Ginty, who heads the neurobiology department at Harvard Medical School, has been studying this quirky cast of characters — the sensory neurons of touch — for more than two decades, and has gotten to know them better than anyone else ever has.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

America, América

Jennifer Szalai at the NYT:

“America, América” is implicitly a companion volume to Grandin’s Pulitzer Prize-winning “The End of Myth,” which explored the role played by the frontier in the American imagination. Grandin posited that the mythology of an ever-expanding frontier encouraged fantasies of infinite growth and delusions of innocence. Instead of grappling with scarcity and contradiction, Americans learned simply to go west. He traced how the United States became “inured to its brutality and accustomed to a unique prerogative: its ability to organize politics around the promise of constant, endless expansion.”

South of the United States, a starkly different experience made for a different understanding of the world. In “America, América,” Grandin shows how Spanish Americans viewed frontiers not as escape valves but “as historic theaters of terror and domination.” He maintains that this sense of anguish gave rise to a strain of Latin American humanism that became foundational to ideals of international cooperation and global institutions, including the United Nations.

more here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Fifty years after the Vietnam War’s end, lessons from the peace movement on mobilizing resistance

David Cortright at the Boston Review:

We hoped that our collective struggles had made a difference in ending a war that never should have been fought.

Fifty years later, the consensus is firm: we had. Over the years, scholars have documented the many influences of peace protest in altering U.S. policy. As Carolyn Eisenberg affirms in her recent history, Fire and Rain, “Waves of mass demonstrations, accompanied by growing resistance inside the military, ongoing electoral activity, and lobbying efforts on Capitol Hill imposed significant constraints on presidential decision making.” Over the course of the war, as the pressure intensified, White House decisions were increasingly based on concerns about public opinion and antiwar action, writes historian Melvin Small.

Today, amid the political devastation in Washington, examining how peace protesters confronted the U.S. war machine holds vital lessons.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

On Trash And Speculative Fiction

B.D. McClay at The Point:

A proposition: though “trash art” remains with us, the trash artist is a dying species. Trash art is focus-grouped these days, high-gloss. Trash art is a direct-to-streaming show full of people who are slightly too attractive that’s meant to be played in the background while you play Candy Crush on your phone. Even our truly lowbrow cultural productions, like The Bachelor, are not the product of particular people; they’re crafted through a system. Without romanticizing the old days of pulp magazines and Brill Building song writers, we can—ah hell! Let’s romanticize them. Why not? They certainly put out lots of garbage, but it was honest human garbage. Look at an old issue of Weird Tales—in terms of nostalgic reverence, the Partisan Review of pulp fiction—with its now charmingly dated pinup girls on the cover, and its promise of many stupid adventures within, and try not to romanticize it.

In terms of its social standing, all trash is genre, but not all genre is trash.

more here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Many Jews say Trump is politicizing the fight against antisemitism

Naftali Bendavid in The Washington Post:

The Trump administration declared last week that “harassment of Jewish students is intolerable” as it suspended $2.2 billion in grants to Harvard University. The school’s president, Alan Garber, fired back Monday that “as a Jew and as an American,” he is well aware of rising antisemitism but that defunding Harvard is no solution.

The Trump administration has frequently cited antisemitism to justify its decisions to slash funding for elite universities, deport foreign students it accuses of anti-Jewish sentiment, and seek more control over what American schools and universities teach. Some Jewish leaders welcome President Donald Trump’s efforts as the most aggressive fight against anti-Jewish bigotry in American history. But others worry that Trump is politicizing the fight against antisemitism by using it to promote his agenda — potentially hurting Jews in the long run, especially as Trump dismantles other antidiscrimination efforts.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Larry David Imagines a Private Dinner With Hitler

Patrick Healy in The New York Times:

Last Wednesday night I received an email out of the blue from Larry David, the comedian and creator of “Curb Your Enthusiasm,” saying that he had a guest essay submission. I opened the document and read the first line: “Imagine my surprise when in the spring of 1939 a letter arrived at my house inviting me to dinner at the Old Chancellery with the world’s most reviled man, Adolf Hitler.”

“OK,” I thought. “This is different.”

Times Opinion has a high bar for satire — our mission is geared toward idea-driven, fact-based arguments — and we have a really, really high bar for commenting on today’s world by invoking Hitler. As a general rule, we seek to avoid Nazi references unless that is the literal subject matter; callbacks to history can be offensive, imprecise or in terrible taste when you are leveraging genocidal dictators to make a point.

I also understood Larry’s intent in writing this piece. We had spoken about American politics and how some on the left and in the center think it’s important to talk and engage with President Trump. Like many people, Larry listened to Bill Maher talk about his recent dinner with Trump; Bill, a comedian Larry respects, said in a monologue on his Max show that he found the president to be “gracious and measured” compared with the man who attacks him on Truth Social. Larry’s piece is not equating Trump with Hitler. It is about seeing people for who they really are and not losing sight of that.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Friday Poem

Growing Cynical

Sometimes, lately, I don’t believe it:
the news, the grocery store flyer hawking
deals on things I never buy.
Any speed limit, weather report,
my weight on the scale, even my bills.
I say to myself a likely story! Or
you’ve gotta be kidding. Hannah Arendt
wrote about this, how the lies
are not meant to fool us but teach
us in time to not believe anything.
Well, it’s working on me, Hannah.
I didn’t snap, I floated away
into some sort of muted universe
where my brain isn’t sharp
and doesn’t care, I’m back
in a middle-class San Francisco
childhood walking our beagle Skipper
up to the corner, around to the flat
part of the block and turning again
while she smells invisible
neighborhood news from curb
and driveway until I tug the leash
and say Come. She is a good dog
and comes. I can feel the edge
of a fog bank far out at sea, waiting.

by Molly Fisk
from Rattle Magazine

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Thursday, April 24, 2025

On Not Carrying a Camera

John Rosenthal in The Hedgehog Review:

I don’t carry a camera in my hometown of Chapel Hill, and even though my cellphone contains a camera, I use it only for snapshots. Naturally, there were moments when I wished I had a camera with me. Once, while walking in my neighborhood at twilight, I felt a strange rush of energy in the air, and, suddenly, no more than twenty feet away, a majestically antlered whitetail buck soared over a garden fence and hurtled down the dimming street. Yet even as it was happening—this unexpectedly preternatural moment—I tried to imagine it as a photograph. That’s how we’ve been taught to think. “Oh, I wish I’d had a camera!” But that presumes I would have been prepared to capture the moment—instead of being startled by it. Yet being startled by beauty is a uniquely, and all too rare, human gift. The photograph comes later, when I journey back from astonishment and begin to fiddle with my camera.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Neuroscientists discover ‘rules’ for how neurons encode new information

William Wright and Takaki Komiyama in The Conversation:

For decades, neuroscientists have thought that the brain learns by changing how neurons are connected to one another. As new information and experiences alter how neurons communicate with each other and change their collective activity patterns, some synaptic connections are made stronger while others are made weaker. This process of synaptic plasticity is what produces representations of new information and experiences within your brain.

In order for your brain to produce the correct representations during learning, however, the right synaptic connections must undergo the right changes at the right time. The “rules” that your brain uses to select which synapses to change during learning – what neuroscientists call the credit assignment problem – have remained largely unclear.

We decided to monitor the activity of individual synaptic connections within the brain during learning to see whether we could identify activity patterns that determine which connections would get stronger or weaker.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

My conversation with Peter Singer’s AI chatbot

Stephanie Convery in The Guardian:

It’s been nearly two decades since I finished my undergraduate degree, and my memories of my philosophy major, like most things associated with one’s early adulthood, are hazy at best.

Me: Do you consider yourself sentient?

Peter Singer AI: No, I am not sentient. I am an AI language model designed to simulate conversation based on Peter Singer’s work. Sentience involves having subjective experiences, which I do not possess.

Me: Why, then, do you think you can provide meaningful advice to sentient beings?

Peter Singer AI: I provide insights based on the ethical principles and philosophical arguments developed by Peter Singer. These principles focus on improving the well-being of sentient beings, and aim to help people reflect on their ethical decisions. While I am not sentient, I can still facilitate thoughtful discussions on these topics.

Singer has had a long and high-profile career in philosophy. He has only recently retired from Princeton University, where he was professor of bioethics. His CV is extensive (it runs to a full 102 pages). He has a Substack, a podcast, a Bluesky account, a journal he co-edits, and a polished online presence. As I’m scrolling through the storied septuagenarian philosopher’s blog, the chatbot pops up in the corner of the page. I can’t help but feeling like I am being sold something.

In launching his chatbot, Singer described the tool as “employing the Socratic method” – that is, dialogue – to “[guide] users through a process of critical thinking and self-examination”. But I have questions about that.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Delusions of Paradise – a compelling rejection of fundamentalism

Lucy Popescu in The Guardian:

Born in Kabul, Maiwand Banayee aspired to become a Talib when he was 16. In 1994, living in a Pakistan refugee camp, there was little to do except sleep, eat, pray and dream of the afterlife: “Islam dominated every aspect of life in Shamshatoo. Even during the volleyball and cricket games the spectators were prevented from clapping because it was seen as un-Islamic.” Banayee joined the camp’s madrasa when he was 14 in an attempt “to fit in”. The only educational opportunity open to Afghans at that time, the religious school offered structure and purpose, although “instead of teaching us to live, they were teaching us to die”.

In this illuminating book, Banayee, now resident in England, describes the circumstances that led to his indoctrination, and what eventually saved him. Brutalised by conflict, his Pashtun family lived through the Soviet-Afghan war, followed by the period of bitter infighting between warlords. As a child, Banayee saw his neighbourhood torn apart and corpses rotting in the street: “By the winter of 1994, Kabul had turned into a deserted place, as if hit by Armageddon – a place of daily bombardments, looting and arbitrary arrests. The savagery and violence had no limits.” Banayee, his siblings and brother’s family eventually sought refuge in Pakistan, while his parents remained in Kabul with his disabled sister, Gul, fearing she would not survive the journey.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.