Science Needs to Embrace the Idea of Style

C. Brandon Ogbunu in Undark Magazine:

The stage play “A Disappearing Number,” conceived by Simon McBurney, focuses on the relationship between the mathematicians Srinivasa Ramanujan and G. H. Hardy. Ramanujan is famous for producing thousands of original results and pioneering new ideas in intricate areas of mathematics. His accomplishments are especially notable because he grew up at the turn of the 20th century in the region of southern India that is now Tamil Nadu. His prodigious talent seemingly arose from nowhere — that is, it developed in an environment disconnected from the university structures that existed in Europe and other parts of the world.

After attending a showing at Central Square Theater in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 2014, I debriefed with a mathematician about the play and its two main characters. He spoke about the differences between the largely self-taught Ramanujan and Hardy, the latter of whom was British and formally educated at the University of Cambridge. Ramanujan, he described, worked through huge numbers of problems with endless vigor and through repetition; Hardy, on the other hand, was more formal in his approach.

More here.

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Aschenbach’s Last Journey

Lesley Chamberlain at the Dublin Review of Books:

In May 1911, a few months before Gustav von Aschenbach first became a figment of his pen, Thomas Mann was staying with his wife and brother Heinrich on the wooded island of Brioni on the Istrian peninsula, holiday haunt of the Habsburg monarchy. Moving the holiday across to the other side of the Adriatic was not yet in prospect, but a disrespectful countess was disturbing dinner with her late arrivals and early departures. The irritable Manns had to stand up to defer to her grandeur and when enough was enough they took the ferry to Venice instead.

Mann insisted that Death in Venice was rooted in many real coincidences. Accordingly, starting in Munich, it takes a detour to Pula, the nearest port to Brioni, before establishing Aschenbach on the Venetian Lido. Still, Mann’s admission seems deliberately to lead the reader off the real, symbolic track of the story. Aschenbach in Pola, then an Austro-Hungarian military port writing its name in Italian, was suffering from a lifetime of excessive self-discipline. He disliked his fellow guests but it mattered more that Pola did not give him ‘the right relationship to the sea’. In fact the beaches near Pula are blissful small coves, with turquoise water lapping at low rocks. But for Mann their paradisical aspect was less suited to fevered imaginings than the flat, faintly mysterious expanses of the Lido.

more here.

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Luigi Pirandello’s Broken Men

Gus O’Connor at The Nation:

At the height of his prominence, Luigi Pirandello was the principal darling of Italian drama. His plays were performed throughout Europe and the United States; Mussolini threw 700,000 lire at him when he decided to found an arts theater in Rome; and he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1934, praised for his “bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art.” His acclaim was widespread: Jean-Paul Sartre hailed him as the most timely modern dramatist of the 20th century. And when Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot premiered in 1953 in Paris, the writer Jean Anouilh estimated that the evening at the Babylone Theater was “as important as the first Pirandello produced by [George] Pitoëf in Paris in 1923.” Jorge Luis Borges felt a great kinship with him; Thomas Bernhard namechecked him. How, then, did Pirandello end up a half-forgotten castaway of European letters by the 1980s? The answer, in part, appears straightforward: Pirandello was a fascist.

Pirandello’s work betrayed a fascination with violence and its supposed power to cleanse society, and he approached his art with the attitude of giving form to chaos. His writing was popular, though, because of his highly developed style, which was characterized by a ceaseless desire to understand the world from the standpoint of the individual. Pirandello was startlingly modern: He committed himself to an ironic self-consciousness, to creating characters that struggled impossibly for individual freedom and to live up to their ideals.

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Thursday Poem

When War Makes a Child

when Americans think about war, they think about men with guns, and soldiers in uniforms

when I think about war, I think about packing suitcases

I think about food shortages, I think about the economic collapse

I think about my grandmother, the one we had to leave behind

the one whose mother moved her from town to town, until they didn’t see a war anymore

the one who was left an orphan, in the middle of Siberia, with her 13-year-old sister to take care of her

when I think about war, I think about the cold walls of apartment buildings, I think about no heat in the house, I think about hotel rooms

I think about having to learn a new language in order to survive

when I think about war, I think about being a child, and standing on the coast of an ocean

where the wind blows just enough to make one paranoid, just enough to feel like war is right around the corner, right around and behind you, touching you

by Titiana Dolgushina
from Rattle Magazine, 3//6/2022

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Wednesday, December 3, 2025

Writing, Thinking, and the Observer Inside the Observation

Mike Hamilton at Coffee with Claude:

My science feeds have delivered two pieces this morning that arrive in productive tension. A June editorial in Nature Reviews Bioengineering declares that “Writing is Thinking,” calling for continued recognition of human-generated scientific writing in the age of large language models. A September essay in 3 Quarks Daily fires back with the counterpoint: “Writing Is Not Thinking.” The author, Kyle Munkittrick, dismantles the logical claim with precision—if writing is thinking, then Socrates was incapable of thought, and you are not thinking right now as you read these words.

Both pieces miss something essential, but their collision illuminates a question I have been living with for forty years: what is the relationship between the tools we use to extend perception and the minds that wield them?

More here.

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We must accept that a working ‘simulation’ of intelligence actually is intelligence

Blaise Agüera y Arcas in Nature:

Large language models can be unreliable and say dumb things, but then, so can humans. Their strengths and weaknesses are certainly different from ours. But we are running out of intelligence tests that humans can pass reliably and AI models cannot. By those benchmarks, and if we accept that intelligence is essentially computational — the view held by most computational neuroscientists — we must accept that a working ‘simulation’ of intelligence actually is intelligence. There was no profound discovery that suddenly made obviously non-intelligent machines intelligent: it did turn out to be a matter of scaling computation.

Other researchers disagree with my assessment of where we are with AI. But in what follows, I want to accept the premise that intelligent machines are already here, and turn the mirror back on ourselves. If scaling up computation yields AI, could the kind of intelligence shown by living organisms, humans included, also be the result of computational scaling? If so, what drove that — and how did living organisms become computational in the first place?

More here.

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What the Laureate Left Out

Heather Treseler at the LARB:

“DEAR JEEM,” the poet Seamus Heaney wrote to his friend, the poet and novelist Seamus Deane, in 1966, as both writers’ careers were finding their runway, “Here are the proofs [of your poems …] have you anything else to bung in here?” That summer, Heaney was editing a chapbook of Deane’s poems for the Belfast Festival. The two writers had met in grammar school at ages 11 and 10, respectively, and remained close friends throughout their lives—Heaney going on to become a globally acclaimed poet, translator, and Nobel laureate, while Deane’s career as a scholar, critic, and editor helped to spearhead Irish studies as a disciplinary field.

Yet on the heels of his warm address to “Jeem” (in other letters, Heaney calls his friend “Deansie” and “a stóirín,” or “my little treasure”), Heaney critiques the poems of Deane’s that had appeared in a recent edition of the prestigious British journal Encounter. “[T]he very luxuriance of the sounds is distracting,” he notes, “and possibly a bit too much: agglutinate, exfoliate, organically eviscerate all in three lines is too much for me.”

more here.

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Tom Stoppard, The Art of Theater

Tom Stoppard interviewed at the Paris Review:

INTERVIEWER

What actually led you to write plays? Could you describe the genesis of your plays other than Hapgood and Jumpers?

STOPPARD

I started writing plays because everybody else was doing it at the time. As for the genesis of plays, it is never the story. The story comes just about last. I’m not sure I can generalize. The genesis of Travesties was simply the information that James Joyce, Tristan Tzara, and Lenin were all in Zurich at the same time. Anybody can see that there was some kind of play in that. But what play? I started to read Richard Ellman’s biography of Joyce, and came across Henry Carr, and so on and so on. In the case of Night and Day, it was merely that I had been a reporter, that I knew quite a lot about journalism, and that I should have been writing another play about something and that therefore it was probably a good idea to write a play about journalists. After that, it was just a case of shuffling around my bits of knowledge and my prejudices until they began to suggest some kind of story. I was also shuffling a separate pack of cards that had to do with sexual attraction. Quite soon I started trying to integrate the two packs. And so on.

more here.

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Teach Students Conservative Thought

Benjamin Storey and Jon A. Shields at Persuasion:

Giving students an occasion to discover the divergence between the depth of the conservative intellectual tradition and the shallowness of the contemporary online right is one of the major attractions of teaching conservatism for one of our session leaders, Emory’s Frank Lechner. Lechner said that one typical student “had expected a class dealing with the likes of Tucker Carlson and Candace Owens” but instead “got something much more interesting and serious.”

One reason is that conservatives are often, paradoxically, devoted to the liberal order. Partly because liberalism is our most important tradition, American conservatives are often consumed with preserving what is best in it, not burning it down like the online right. That also means many conservative intellectuals are hard to put into a tidy philosophical box. UNC’s Rita Koganzon, another of our seminar leaders, reported that teaching conservative intellectuals reveals “that no really good writer is merely conservative, just as none is simply a liberal. They all have strange, heterodox, often politically uncategorizable ideas.”

More here.

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Wednesday Poem

Scimitar

A magpie squawks at the top of a blue spruce,
while white-winged doves coo back and forth
across the orchard. Today I did not hike
,,,,,,
into a rainforest and forage for a glowing
neon-green mushroom; I did not fly
to New Guinea to catch birdwing butterflies;
,,,,,,,,,,,,
instead I hiked a trail across patches of snow
and, scratching the trunk of a ponderosa pine,
inhaled a vanilla scent. I strolled in the orchard,
,,,,
,
and spotted a magpie nest in an apple tree,
marveled at wisps of clouds like branching red coral
in the sea; near the scimitar of a moon,
,,,,,,
Venus shimmered. As clouds above the horizon
incarnadined, I shoveled snow onto
a strawberry bed; then a dove cooed—on a day
,,,,,,
when I did nothing but search myself
and steep in each minute of the deepening indigo sky,,,,,,,
I suddenly had somewhere everywhere to be.
,,,,,,
by By Arthur Sze  
from The Poetry Foundation, 2025

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Sick, Immobile Young Ants Send “Kill Me” Signal to Colony Workers

Andrea Lius in The Scientist:

Adult ants that have been infected with deadly pathogens often leave the colony to die so as not to infect others. But, “like infected cells in tissue, [young ants] are largely immobile and lack this option,” said Sylvia Cremer, a researcher at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) who studies how social insects such as ants fight diseases collectively as superorganisms, in a statement. Cremer’s team previously found that invasive garden ant pupae that have been infected with a deadly fungal pathogen produced chemicals that induced worker ants to unpack their cocoons and kill them, preventing the disease from spreading to the rest of the colony.1 However, the researchers did not know if the chemicals were simply a result of the fungal infection or if the sick pupae specifically released them to call for their own demise.

In a new study, Cremer and her colleagues discovered that the infected pupae only released chemicals when there were workers nearby, suggesting that the sick young ants put these events in motion.2 The researchers’ findings, published in Nature Communications, are the first evidence of altruistic disease signaling in a social insects and share similarities with how sick and dying cells send a “find me and eat me” signal to the immune system.

More here.

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Tuesday, December 2, 2025

‘If I was American, I’d be worried about my country’: Margaret Atwood answers questions from Ai Weiwei, Rebecca Solnit and more

From the introduction by Lisa Allardice in The Guardian:

She certainly doesn’t want to be idolised as a saint – that rarely ends well, and besides, she holds grudges. She even chafes against her mantle as feminist icon, “expected to do the Right Thing for women in all circumstances, with many different Right Things projected on to me from readers and viewers”, as she writes in Book of Lives.

Atwood is as hard to pin down as the insects she and her brother, Harold, played with as children, encouraged by her father’s job as an entomologist. A natural scientist (many of her family were scientifically inclined) and sceptic, she is also a dabbler in palm-reading and the occult. There is nothing she can’t tell you about nature, from the sex lives of snails to rare birds (see questions from Jonathan Franzen and Anne Enright); or history – the Salem witch trials and the French Revolution are particular areas of expertise.

She can be silly and stern, sometimes within the same sentence, but there is a deep moral seriousness beneath all her work.

More here.

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The Incredible, Unlikely Story of How Cats Became Our Pets

Meghan Bartels at Scientific American:

Cats have been on quite a journey from wild animal to undisputed ruler of millions of couches worldwide. A pair of new studies published on Thursday show that the road to cat domestication was far more complex than scientists first suspected.

One of the new papers, published in Science, centers on ancient wild and domesticated cats in North Africa, Europe and the Middle East, while the other, appearing in Cell Genomics, focuses on the history of cats in ancient China. Taken together, the findings show that cat domestication unfolded more slowly and less smoothly than scientists had thought.

“Domestication is a process,” says Leslie Lyons, a feline geneticist at the University of Missouri, who was not involved in either work. “It’s not just, one day, all the cats are sitting on your lap.”

More here.

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Remembering Tom Stoppard, The Thinker’s Playwright

Brittany Allen at LitHub:

As Michael Billington put it in a remembrance for The Guardian, Stoppard’s unique genius was in taking “seemingly esoteric subjects—from chaos theory to moral philosophy and the mystery of consciousness—and turn[ing] them into witty, inventive and often moving dramas.” He did this with all those feted projects—The Coast of UtopiaThe Real ThingTravestiesLeopoldstadt, and the aforementioned Rosencrantz. (Arcadia was robbed.)

Stoppard was an idea-driven writer and a heavy researcher, as wont to tango with the Velvet Revolution as the plight of Russian dissidents. Yet unlike predecessor/peers Harold Pinter or Mike Leigh, he resisted openly political work. Pyrotechnic argument was his mode, and philosophy was his way in. (Thus the appeal to sophomores.)

In fact, his most personal play, Leopoldstadt—which drew on his own family history during World War II—did not see daylight until 2007.

more here.

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The Strangeness of Black Holes

Gideon Koekoek at Aeon Magazine:

What came first, the chicken or the egg? Perhaps a silly conundrum already solved by Darwinian biology. But nature has supplied us with a real version of this puzzle: black holes. Within these cosmic objects, the extreme warping of spacetime brings past and future together, making it hard to tell what came first. Black holes also blur the distinction between matter and energy, fusing them into a single entity. In this sense, they also warp our everyday intuitions about space, time and causality, making them both chicken and egg at once.

Physicists like me have long since accepted these strange properties of black holes. But I suspect that nature could very well have played a different trick altogether, and made black holes a gateway to something far more unusual – a region where the rules of spacetime themselves transform into something we’ve never seen before. Many objects we think of as black holes may, in fact, be imposters: identical on the outside but harbouring entirely different physics within. Finding out whether that’s true will require peeling back the shell of reality itself. And humankind is getting closer to doing exactly that.

more here.

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