The Revolutionary Life of George Forster

Peter Moore at Literary Review:

An exemplary tour of the High Enlightenment might go something like this. You’d begin in the streets of 1760s London to feel the pulse of Georgian commerce. You’d then hop aboard one of Captain Cook’s colliers and cruise through the Pacific, having encounters every day. Returning to Europe you might watch Benjamin Franklin in diplomatic action at Passy and dine with Casanova in Vienna, before sailing up the Rhine with Humboldt. Having inspected the Soho Manufactory in Birmingham and admired the picturesque scenery of the Peak District, you’d cross the Channel just in time for the grand and bloody finale in Paris. 

Only this isn’t a fantasy. This is the singular and spectacular trajectory of George Forster, subject of Andrea Wulf’s irresistible new biography. ‘George’, as he is called throughout, was an unlikely person to lead what Wulf terms a ‘revolutionary life’. Born in 1754 in a hamlet outside Gdansk, he was a shy and curious child. Long after he won fame as a traveller and naturalist, people described him as calm and tolerant, kind and gentle.

more here.

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Anthropic has been consulting theologians and ethicists on Claude’s behavior, raising questions about who gets to shape a chatbot’s values

Chris Stokel-Walker at Scientific American:

In late March around 15 religious thinkers met with the artificial intelligence company Anthropic to discuss one of the strangest and most consequential questions now facing the AI industry: How do you teach a chatbot to be good?

The invitations to these meetings had arrived in different ways. Greg Cootsona’s came via e-mail. Brian Patrick Green’s came via a friend of a friend after Anthropic asked for suggested names. Both ended up in a series of conversations with the company about Claude, Anthropic’s chatbot, and the moral framework meant to guide how it behaves.

The aim wasn’t to make the chatbot Bible-thumping or pious. But it was an acknowledgment that centuries-old traditions of moral reasoning might offer insights to a five-year-old frontier AI lab whose systems are becoming more capable, more persuasive and harder to govern by simple rules.

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The UN’s special rapporteurs are experts charged with a singular mandate: to monitor the world’s worst human rights abuses

Alvina Hoffmann at Aeon:

On 9 July 2025, the government of the United States imposed sanctions on Francesca Albanese, the UN special rapporteur on Palestine. Earlier in the spring, Albanese had written confidential letters to US companies, warning that she would name them in her forthcoming UN report for contributing to gross violations of human rights in Israel’s war in Gaza. The US administration framed these letters as a campaign of political and economic warfare. The sanctions against Albanese, an Italian-born legal scholar and human rights expert, are part of a broader executive order that sanctioned judges and prosecutors of the International Criminal Court. The US secretary of state Marco Rubio cited as the reason her direct engagement with the International Criminal Court ‘in efforts to investigate, arrest, detain, or prosecute nationals of the United States or Israel’. Albanese and the sanctioned ICC staff are now on the US Treasury Department’s Specially Designated Nationals list, alongside suspected terrorists, drug traffickers and arms dealers.

This is the first time the US has sanctioned a UN official, and the first time such a punishment was imposed on a UN special rapporteur for exercising their mandate.

More here.

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what we get wrong about men and women

Sophie McBain in The Guardian:

According to the evolutionary psychologist Steve Stewart-Williams, almost everyone gets sex wrong. Traditionalists tend to exaggerate the natural differences between men and women. Progressives tend to minimise them, and to assume that nurture and socialisation play a decisive role. He wants to promote a more nuanced, scientifically rigorous public conversation about why and how men and women differ to guide better policymaking.

Some sex differences are relatively pronounced, he claims, such as whether you’re primarily attracted to men or women, upper body strength, height, the likelihood you’ll murder someone and occupational interests. Many, such as ability in maths, or conscientiousness, are much more modest. Such differences are best visualised as two overlapping bell curves. To illustrate this, consider height: the shortest humans are almost all women, the tallest are men, the average man is taller than the average woman, but there is considerable common ground. Knowing that someone is 5ft 8in won’t enable you to guess with any confidence whether they are a man or a woman, for instance.

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These Seven AI Rings Translate Sign Language in Real Time

Shelly Fan in Singularity Hub:

At the turn of the 20th century, William Hoy transformed Major League Baseball. The most prominent deaf player in history, he taught his team American Sign Language (ASL) to communicate on the field while keeping opponents in the dark. His silent speech, a legacy well over a century old now, also inspired umpires to make calls using hand gestures.

ASL is one of some 300 sign languages used today by roughly 70 million deaf people worldwide. But only a sliver of society understands signs. Everyday tasks, like ordering at a restaurant or meeting people at social events can be difficult. To bridge the gap, a South Korean team developed smart rings to translate finger motions into text.

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Sunday, May 31, 2026

Resistance training: lowering the barrier to entry

From The Peter Attia Weekly Newsletter:

Most popular training advice emphasizes optimization: how do you maximize muscle and strength? Programming for those kinds of goals entails lifting heavy loads, training near muscular failure, and doing so for long sessions, many times per week. While effective, these approaches impose meaningful costs in time, effort, and perceived risk, creating a barrier to entry for many people. Here we encounter a mismatch: what is optimal isn’t necessarily what is sustainable for everyone, especially those new to weight training.

…A recent meta-analysis addresses that question directly.1 In untrained individuals, resistance training performed with only moderate loads, multiple sets, and just two sessions per week was shown to capture most of the strength benefit, produce near-maximal hypertrophy (muscle growth), and deliver the full improvement in mobility seen with more demanding protocols.

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Sunday Poem

A Search

what is god
and what is stone
the dividing line
if it exists
is very thin
at jeruri
and every other stone
is god or his cousin

there is no crop
other than god
and god is harvested here
around the year
and round the clock
out of the bad earth
and hard rock

that giant hunk of rock
the size of a bedroom
is khandoba’s wife turned to stone
the crack that runs across
is the scar from his broadsword
he struck her down with
once in a fit of rage

scratch a rock
and a legend springs

by Arun Kolatkar
from Jejuri
New York Review, 1974

*Jejuri: The name of a town in Maharashtra, India,
famous as the sacred center of worship
for the Hindu deity, Khandoba.

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Friday, May 29, 2026

How Jeff Parker Changed the Sound of Jazz

Grayson Haver Currin at Pitchfork:

Parker believes he briefly lost his own tone at Berklee when he tried to adhere to jazz pedagogy and the way that esteemed jazz guitarists, like former Berklee professor Pat Metheny, often sounded. It was a necessary compromise, he reckons, as he developed his skills. Still, he didn’t feel like himself. When he finally quit, he considered moving to New York but worried the problem would only get worse.

“I felt like the thing for me to do was move to New York and play jazz, but I was scared. It was really expensive, and I didn’t feel very confident,” he admits. “I used to see musicians who seemed like they had some individual ideas move to New York. They would come back and sound like everybody else.”

In Boston, his second school had been the jazz section of Tower Records, where musicians manning the registers would sneak him a discount. He knew there was a Tower opening in Chicago, so he decided to try his luck there. He’d sell records, save money, and practice by playing as much as possible.

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Understanding the Power of Power Ballads

Angelica Frey at JSTOR Daily:

“It’s All Coming Back to Me Now,” “My Heart Will Go On,” “Without You,” “I Don’t Wanna Miss a Thing,” and “Total Eclipse of the Heart” are songs that have transcended their original moment and become enduring pop culture touchstones.

Formally categorized as power ballads, these songs are what David Metzer defines in Popular Music as “songs that grow bigger, louder, and more fervent on the way to impassioned finales.” Yet despite their cultural staying power, power ballads have historically received little scholarly attention, in part because they are often dismissed as schlocky and banal.

Culturally, power ballads are having a renewed moment: “It’s All Coming Back to Me Now” draws inspiration from Wuthering Heights, whose 2026 adaptation, written and directed by Emerald Fennell, dominated pop culture conversations this past winter. This summer, the film Power Ballad traces the trajectory of a hit song in the genre, while in September 2026, Céline Dion is set to return to the stage in Paris.

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The Genius of the Barn Owl’s Feathers

Lorna Gibson at the MIT Press Reader:

But it is not just the position of the ears that enables their exceptional hearing. The facial feathers play an important role, too. One of the most identifiable features of a barn owl is its heart-shaped facial disc. The disc has two specialized types of feathers that help pinpoint the exact location of a sound’s source: white auricular feathers, which fill the interior of the disc, and rust-colored reflector feathers, which form the ruff around the edge of the disc. The auricular feathers have more widely spaced barbs that form the vane of the feather than a typical contour feather, transmitting sound more easily through them, while the reflector feathers have barbs packed more closely together than usual, reflecting sound (as their name suggests). The position of the reflector feathers focuses sound into the ear openings just within the edge of the ruff.

 

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The future of robot armies is here – and it’s not what you think

Annalee Newitz at New Scientist:

The robot army that saves the world won’t be anything like what you imagine. Nope, they aren’t little humanoids who can do synchronised martial arts like the ones who dazzled audiences during New Year’s festivities in China. And they won’t help you find a can of Coke with embarrassing slowness like the man-shaped beast known as Optimus from Elon Musk’s Tesla Inc. Instead, they will be microscopic, and mostly made of algae, bacteria and other single-celled organisms. Engineers call them biohybrid microrobots.

If you’ve read about people swallowing pills full of tiny robots to deliver medicine – or you watched the classic 80s flick Innerspace – you’ve already experienced the dream of a future. For many years, medical researchers have imagined using little machines to get medicine into the hard-to-reach parts of our bodies such as the minuscule capillaries in our lungs. Even better, these machines could actually drive around in our organs, perhaps to seek and destroy cancer cells one by one. The problem is that we can’t actually build motorised devices small enough to do it.

That’s where biomedical engineer Joseph Wang’s work comes in.

More here.

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Book Review: The Dialectical Imagination

Scott Alexander at Astral Codex Ten:

Art is long, life is short. Most of us only manage to not do a few things in our limited span on Earth. But the Frankfurt School managed to not invent so many movements – to not be involved in so many of the crucial ideological shifts of the past century – that they caught my attention. Who were these people? What other aspects of our culture might we be unable to say they were involved in? For answers, I turned to the classic history of the group, Martin Jay’s The Dialectical Imagination.

The basics are simple enough: the School was founded in Frankfurt in 1923. It attracted great philosophers like Max Horkheimer, Theodore Adorno, and Herbert Marcuse. When the Nazis took power in the early 1930s, the mostly-Jewish Frankfurters fled to America, where friendly locals helped them continue their work in affiliation with Columbia University. Mid-century Americans were suckers for sophisticated European intellectuals, and when the rise of fascism and World War II started dominating headlines, the German-Jewish Frankfurters were natural experts to help Americans process the situation. By the end of the war, they were firmly established as thought leaders.

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Ozempic may be reshaping the brain

Ariana Cha in The Washington Post:

Ozempic was supposed to be a gut story. Then Allison Shapiro looked at the brain scans. An assistant professor at the University of Colorado Anschutz, she was part of a team studying 13 teens and young women with a hormonal disorder affecting the ovaries who were put on GLP-1 drugs. As part of testing to catalogue the effect of the medication on their bodies, Shapiro took snapshots of their brains before and after.

She was astonished to find extensive changes.

Within only a few months, the brain connections in the salience network, which helps target attention, had multiplied.

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