As the Civil Rights Act turns 60, a call to recommit to what it stands for

Ken Makin in The Christian Science Monitor:

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 turns 60 on Tuesday. Its birthday is important because it is a living piece of legislation and a predecessor for laws impacting women’s and LGBTQ+ rights. I can’t help but think about this momentous act and its unifying power and be reminded of the time it brought together two of the greatest men of their generation – Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X.

Their presence encapsulated the urgency of the moment, and the youthfulness that constitutes dreams. And yet, it is hard to see a piece of paper turn 60 while these two men were assassinated just before their 40th birthdays. Their blood, like President John F. Kennedy’s, is proverbially mingled in with the ink that codified antidiscrimination rulings and secured voting protections for Black people. When Dr. King met Mr. Kennedy in March of 1962, they spoke of a “second Emancipation Proclamation.” That promise, in some ways, was fulfilled two years later, though Dr. King’s heartbreaking words from 1968 still endure: “I might not get there with you.”

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Emil Ferris’s Monster Mash Note

Ed Park at Bookforum:

THIS IS A GOTHIC TALE. In the summer of 2002, a professional illustrator and single mom in Chicago went to her fortieth-birthday bash, a gypsy-themed affair that her young daughter told her not to attend. A premonition? At the party, a mosquito bit her. Perhaps she slapped it dead; maybe it stayed attached, vampirically feasting. The result was no mere itch, but a health spiral. She had contracted West Nile disease, in a city very far from either side of that river, plus meningitis and encephalitis, paralyzing her lower body. Her drawing hand no longer worked: her livelihood was at stake. She moved in with her mother, whose dining room could accommodate her hospital bed and wheelchair, and enrolled in the fiction writing program at the Art Institute of Chicago. There were stories she wanted to tell. Maybe she’d revisit an abandoned screenplay from the ’90s, about “a werewolf lesbian girl being enfolded in the protective arms of a Frankenstein trans kid.”

She also took a comics class, falling hard for Art Spiegelman’s Maus. (She used to love cartoons, and would copy strips from the paper with alarming facility; why had her interest waned?) At her daughter’s urging, she forced her muscles to relearn how to draw, duct-taping a quill pen to her afflicted hand. In time her powers came back. She started a graphic novel, turning her little lycanthrope into a freakishly charismatic narrator-illustrator: ten-year-old Karen Reyes, uptown Chicagoan and magical thinker.

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Efface Off

Jamie Hood in Bookforum:

MARRIAGE IS A GRIM BUSINESS—worse still if you’re a woman in a Rachel Cusk book. The blame lies with Christian iconography, she writes in her 2012 memoir, Aftermath, and pictures of the “holy family, that pious unit that sucked the world’s attention dry.” There, we found Mary and the manger, the Christ child, cuckolded Joseph: images gathered in a “cult of sentimentality and surfaces” to obscure the innate beastliness of human existence and so tidy death. They were fraudulent images, coercively “bent on veiling reality.” And who within the family is conscripted to perpetuate, if not precisely to manufacture, such images? Women. In becoming wives, we’re made stewards of our husbands, sainted sucklers of children, menders of life’s ripped seams. After the dissolution of a decade-long marriage, Cusk turned from Christianity to the myths of antiquity and the unconscious, that “tempestuous Greek world of feeling.” We are beings born of chaos, after all, disciplined by institutions but governed by affects and actions that stretch past the limits of our knowing and detonate the illusion of social order.

Cusk’s “fictions,” in turn, have a fabular quality, muddling fate and circumstance, conditioning and immanence. She’s not particularly interested in identity-qua-identity or the psychological and novelistic conventions of character. Instead, she’s after human “experience in a more lateral sense,” an “oceanic” and provisional representation of subjectivity.

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A day in the life of the world’s fastest supercomputer

Sophia Chen in Nature:

The fastest supercomputer in the world is a machine known as Frontier, but even this speedster with nearly 50,000 processors has its limits. On a sunny Monday in April, its power consumption is spiking as it tries to keep up with the amount of work requested by scientific groups around the world. The electricity demand peaks at around 27 megawatts, enough to power roughly 10,000 houses, says Bronson Messer, director of science at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, where Frontier is located. With a note of pride in his voice, Messer uses a local term to describe the supercomputer’s work rate: “They are running the machine like a scalded dog.”

Frontier churns through data at record speed, outpacing 100,000 laptops working simultaneously. When it debuted in 2022, it was the first to break through supercomputing’s exascale speed barrier — the capability of executing an exaflop, or 1018 floating point operations per second. The Oak Ridge behemoth is the latest chart-topper in a decades-long global trend of pushing towards larger supercomputers (although it is possible that faster computers exist in military labs or otherwise secret facilities).

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Alzheimer’s: Are newly approved drugs making a real-life difference?

Deep Shukla in Medical News:

After a lull of nearly 2 decades, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved some novel drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease since 2021. Most of these drugs are antibody therapies targeting toxic protein aggregates in the brain. Their approval has sparked enthusiasm and controversy in equal measure. The core question remains: Are these drugs making a real difference? In this Special Feature, we investigate. Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that involves a gradual and irreversible decline in memory, thinking, and, eventually, the ability to perform daily activities. Aging is the leading risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, and a rapidly aging population has made it a public health crisis.

In 2019, 57 millionTrusted Source individuals around the globe had Alzheimer’s disease, and this number is expected to reach 153 million by 2050. This underscores the need for disease-modifying treatments that produce a lasting change in the trajectory of this disease, slowing its progression. However, until recently, efforts to develop disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer’s disease have not been successful. Most of the clinical research to develop disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer’s has focused on targeting the beta-amyloid protein, whose abnormal accumulation is generally considered to lead to the development of this neurodegenerative disorder.

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Kojève & Cigarettes: Fact-checking American Geist

Hunter Dukes at Cabinet Magazine:

At some point in the early morning, having forfeited my grip on the laminate, I was squeezed onto a balcony between Klaus and a very tall Polish American man, who was telling us about an upcoming trip to Kerala, where he would seek ayurvedic realignment after a season of encounters with unmitigated evil in Berlin. A third figure in a stiff leather jacket produced a red packet of cigarettes and distributed them with gravity, as if they were full-bodied charms. Klaus asked a question. Did you know that American Spirit was founded by one of Kojève’s graduate students, who named the tobacco company after Hegelian Spirit or Geist? I did not. This is the same Alexandre Kojève who had been born into Russian aristocracy, fled to Berlin after the October Revolution (and after an arrest for black-marketing soap), financed his early life by selling off the family jewels, enshrined himself as a chief architect of the European Economic Community, spied for the Kremlin for decades (or so it has been posthumously conjectured, without thorough proof), and did more than any other philosopher to shape the reception of Hegel’s thought in twentieth-century Europe. He was also, it seems, fond of anecdote, and liked to recycle one in particular. It went something like… when Hegel was asked, during a lecture on the philosophy of history, about the spirit of America, he thought for a moment and then replied: tobacco!

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Thursday Poem

Light

It’s beyond me, the pinhole in Hubble’s eye tomorrow as predicted,
(and lingo beyond me—some chicken scratching,
a few noises standing up for red giants, string theory)

and Sol his own self making stuff take place, beyond me
the melting ice fern on the window,
these four lesions on my face, and yes a radish and maple syrup.

It’s beyond me, the streetlamp out front of 3236 Rex Avenue
holding its sulphurous light over the street
and the cripple Debbie inside the post-war cape
with her clenched hand.

Beyond me are light’s eleven tongues,
the streetlamp talking her father’s parked dump truck
safely through the night, and Debbie’s squealing laughs
getting hit playing dodgeball.

Roger still tries to pry his sister’s locked fingers
to show us the imperfection in Debbie’s palm,
the reason for her crippled body, the meaning of life,
to which the streetlamp as good as says,
What is lit goes dark, what goes dark gets relit.

Debbie’s fist will not open, especially now
after she’s squealing lo these several decades,
even now after all this incandescence and fluorescence,
but in her palm I believe a dot lives,
like the still central point of a pinwheel nebula,
of a radish, of a rubber ball, a dot beyond me, yes,
beyond light. All it ever says is Open.

by Dennis Finnell
from Ruins Assembling
Shape and Nature Press, 2014

 

Against Rereading

Oscar Schwartz at The Paris Review:

This disinclination to reread the books I treasure alienates me not just from Nabokov, but from a vast pro-rereading discourse espoused by geniuses who regard rereading as the literary activity par excellence. Roland Barthes, for instance, proposed that rereading is necessary if we are to realize the true goal of literature, which, in his view, is to make the reader “no longer a consumer, but a producer of the text.” When we reread, we discover how a text can multiply in its variety and its plurality. Rereading offers something beyond a more detailed comprehension of the text: it is, Barthes claims, “an operation contrary to the commercial and ideological habits of our society, which would have us ‘throw away’ the story once it has been consumed (‘devoured’).” I’m not so sure.

If we take Barthes’s argument to its limit, we can imagine an ideal literary culture in which there is only one book and a community of avid readers returning to it over and over, unfurling its infinite field of potential in ever-more-elaborate interpretations. It reminds me of the Orthodox synagogue I attended growing up, where each year, sometime in October, the old men would finish reading the final portion of the Torah—with Moses standing on the mountain overlooking the Promised Land—and then start again at the Beginning.

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Wednesday, September 4, 2024

PJ Harvey’s Songs Of England

Ellen Peirson-Hagger at The New Statesman:

Opening her late-summer set in Gunnersbury Park, west London, PJ Harvey sang: “Wyman, am I worthy?/Speak your wordle to me.” A pink haze had settled across the sky just before she appeared onstage to the sound of birdsong, church bells, and electronic fuzz. In the lyric – which comes from “Prayer at the Gate”, the opening track of her most recent record I Inside the Old Year Dying – Harvey sings in the dialect of her native Dorset. Wyman-Elvis is a Christ-like figure, literally an all-wise warrior, who appears throughout the album, and “wordle” is the world. For the next hour and a half, as the sky darkens and Harvey and her four-piece band perform underneath a low, red-tinged moon, they conjure their own wordle, one of riddles and disquieting enchantment.

Harvey is singing from the perspective of nine-year-old Ira-Abel Rawles, the fictional character whose story she tells in Orlam, her second collection of poetry, which was published in 2022. She developed the book under the mentorship of the Scottish poet and two-time TS Eliot Prize winner Don Paterson, and learned the dialect (which she remembers hearing as a child from the older people in her Dorset village) by studying William Barnes’s 1886 A Glossary of the Dorset Dialect.

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The Ancient Art Of Keith Haring

Morgan Meis at The Easel:

The impact of this work probably has nothing to do with whether it is high art masquerading as low art or low art masquerading as high art. Haring himself never seemed particularly interested in those divisions anyway. He liked Dubuffet and Alechinsky in exactly the same way that he liked cartoons and street graffiti. Pace Kuspit, I don’t think you can say that Haring’s art was fundamentally populist with a dash of high art influence to keep it from getting stale.

Most of the art critics, in short, were getting themselves tied in knots trying to answer a question that never actually applied to what Haring was doing. More interesting, I think, are the raw reactions from the majority of people who were experiencing Haring’s work—that is, the people who stumbled upon Haring’s babies and dogs and weird creatures and UFOs on the walls of New York City. Gooch quotes actress and performance artist Ann Magnuson as saying, “Keith’s subway panels greeted you like welcome mats at each downtown stop. Personalized petroglyphs that spelled relief from the piss-soaked wreckage of the Lower East Side.” Haring himself was often amazed that so few people messed with or defaced his drawings, as happened with so much of the public art and graffiti of the time. Haring noted that “the drawings seemed to have this protective power that prevented people from destroying them.” This power, according to Haring, was a “protective nimbus” that had something to do with the images being a form of “primitive code.”

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Wednesday Poem

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I’m a Fool To Love You

Some folks will tell you the blues is a woman.
Some type of supernatural creature.
My mother would tell you, if she could,
About her life with my father,
A strange and sometimes cruel gentleman.
She would tell you about the choices
A young black woman faces.
Is falling in love with some man
A deal with the devil
In blue terms, the tongue we use
When we don’t want nuance
To get in the way,
When we need to talk straight.
My mother chooses my father
After choosing a man
Who was, as we sing it,
Of no account.
This man made my father look good.
That was how bad it was.
He made my father seem like an island
In the middle of a stormy sea,
He made my father look like a rock.
And is the blues the moment you realize
You exist in a stacked deck,
You look in the mirror at your young face,
The face my sister carries,
And you know it’s the only leverage
You’ve got.
Does this create a hurt that whispers
How you going to do?
Is the blues the moment
You shrug your shoulders
And agree, a girl without money
Is nothing, dust
To be pushed around by any old breeze.
Compared to this,
My father seems, briefly
To be a fire escape.
This is the way the blues works
Its sorry wonders,
Makes trouble look like
A feather bed,
Make’s the wrong man’s kisses
A healing.

by Cornelius Eady
from
Poetry 180
Random House, 2003

 

Genetic Variation Impacts Drug Efficacy. Could Testing Help?

Jyoti Madhusoodanan in Undark Magazine:

In April 2019, Chloe Meadows was diagnosed with ADHD and began working with her doctor to find a drug cocktail to relieve her symptoms. Among the medicines she took was Wellbutrin, in late 2020. She recalls that about a month into taking it, however, she sat down to eat pizza, suffered a seizure, and fell, dislocating her shoulder. Family members later told her she hit her head so hard that her earring flew out. She was unconscious, she told Undark, and only woke up during the subsequent ambulance ride to the emergency room.

Afterward, she stopped taking Wellbutrin and later added a different drug to her regime, a generic version of the ADHD drug Concerta, but she said that she soon began to experience thoughts of self-harm every night: “I just mentally referred to it as Hell Hour.”

One day, Meadows missed a dose, and Hell Hour didn’t happen. Wondering if there was a connection between her prescription and the awful evenings, she changed to a generic version of Adderall.

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So, which movie did your brain see? Eye movements can create different versions of the same film in our heads

Lisa Dittrich in Phys.Org:

Picture two people sitting in a movie theater, both watching the screen: Are they seeing the same thing? Or is the movie playing out differently in each of their minds? Researchers from the Justus Liebig University Giessen (JLU) have found that it’s the latter, and they’ve published their findings in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. It turns out that viewers experience different versions of the same film in their brains, and these differences can be predicted by their unique eye movements.

Just like our bodies are made up of the same basic parts but vary from person to person, the same is true for our brains and their activity patterns. Neuroscientists use functional magnetic resonance imaging and machine learning to make these brain activity patterns comparable across individuals. For about a decade now, these techniques have allowed researchers to “translate” activation patterns among different brains.

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The Pleasures of Reading

Lewis Lapham in Harper’s Magazine (1975):

On first opening a book I listen for the sound of the human voice. Instead of looking for signs, I form an impression of a tone, and if I can hear in that tone the harmonies of the human improvisation extended through 5,000 years of space and time, then I read the book. By this device I am absolved from reading most of what is published in a given year. I have found that few writers learn to speak in the human voice, that most of them make use of alien codes (academic, political, literary, bureaucratic, technical) in which they send messages already deteriorating into the half-life of yesterday’s news. Their transmissions seem to me incomprehensible, and unless I must decipher them for professional reasons, I am content to let them pass by. Too many subtle voices divert my attention, to the point that when I enter a bookstore I am besieged by the same sense of imminent discovery that follows me through seaports and capital cities. This restlessness never troubles me in libraries, probably because libraries are to me like museums. It is the guile of commerce that accounts for the foreboding in bookstores; I have a feeling of the marketplace, of ideas still current after 2,000 years, of old men earning passage money by telling tales of what once was the city of Antioch.

The murmurings of these voices often reduce me to a state of hesitation in which I cannot choose between opposite directions.

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Some Brains Develop Alzheimer’s—Others Don’t. A New Cell Map Could Explain Why

Shelly Fan in Singularity Hub:

Alzheimer’s disease slowly takes over the mind. Long before symptoms occur, brain cells are gradually losing their function. Eventually they wither away, eroding brain networks that store memories. With time, this robs people of their recollections, reasoning, and identity. It’s not the type of forgetfulness that happens during normal aging. In the twilight years, our ability to soak up new learning and rapidly recall memories also nosedives. While the symptoms seem similar, normally aging brains don’t exhibit the classic signs of Alzheimer’s—toxic protein buildups inside and surrounding neurons, eventually contributing to their deaths. These differences can only be caught by autopsies, when it’s already too late to intervene. But they can still offer insights. Studies have built a profile of Alzheimer’s brains: Shrunken in size, with toxic protein clumps spread across regions involved in reasoning, learning, and memory.

However, those results only capture the very end of the journey.

This week, an international team led by Columbia University, MIT, and Harvard sought to map the entire process. Analyzing 437 donated brains from aging people—some with Alzheimer’s, others not—they peeked into the gene expression of 1.65 million brain cells in the regions most affected by Alzheimer’s and built a comprehensive cell atlas for aging brains.

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