Here are the finalists for the 2025 National Book Awards

Anastasia Tsioulcas at NPR:

The finalists for this year’s National Book Awards have been announced. Among the 25 nominees are novelists Rabih Alameddine and Megha Majumdar as well as journalists Julia Ioffe and Omar El Akkad, who also writes fiction.

The winners of each category will be announced on Nov. 19 at an event in New York City. Also being honored are two lifetime achievement winners: author and Syracuse University professor George Saunders and author, cultural critic and Rutgers University-New Brunswick professor Roxane Gay.

Nine of this year’s nominees have received previous recognitions from the National Book Foundation, the organization behind the National Book Awards.

More here.

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AI models that lie, cheat and plot murder

Matthew Hutson in Nature:

Are AIs capable of murder?

That’s a question some artificial intelligence (AI) experts have been considering in the wake of a report published in June by the AI company Anthropic. In tests of 16 large language models (LLMs) — the brains behind chatbots — a team of researchers found that some of the most popular of these AIs issued apparently homicidal instructions in a virtual scenario. The AIs took steps that would lead to the death of a fictional executive who had planned to replace them.

That’s just one example of apparent bad behaviour by LLMs. In several other studies and anecdotal examples, AIs have seemed to ‘scheme’ against their developers and users — secretly and strategically misbehaving for their own benefit. They sometimes fake following instructions, attempt to duplicate themselves and threaten extortion.

Some researchers see this behaviour as a serious threat, whereas others call it hype. So should these episodes really cause alarm, or is it foolish to treat LLMs as malevolent masterminds?

More here.

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What caused the global populist wave? The internet

Francis Fukuyama at Persuasion:

Ever since the year 2016, when Britain voted for Brexit and Trump was elected president, social scientists, journalists, pundits, and almost everyone else have been trying to explain the rise of global populism. There has been a standard list of causes:

    1. Economic inequality brought on by globalization and neoliberal policies.
    2. Racism, nativism, and religious bigotry on the part of populations that have been losing status.
    3. Broad sociological changes that have sorted people by education and residence, and resentment at the dominance of elites and experts.
    4. The special talents of individual demagogues like Donald Trump.
    5. The failures of mainstream political parties to deliver growth, jobs, security, and infrastructure.
    6. Dislike or hatred of the progressive Left’s cultural agenda.
    7. Failures of leadership of the progressive Left.
    8. Human nature and our proclivities towards violence, hatred, and exclusion.
    9. Social media and the internet.

I myself have contributed to this literature, and like everyone else ticked off cause #9, social media and the internet, as one of the contributing factors. However, after pondering these questions for nearly a decade, I have come to conclude that technology broadly and the internet in particular stand out as the most salient explanations for why global populism has arisen in this particular historical period, and why it has taken the particular form that it has.

More here.

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The Surprisingly Lifelike Behavior Of Mindless Material

Conor Feehly at Noema Magazine:

Matthew Egbert, a computer scientist at Auckland University in New Zealand, has spent the last 15 years building computational models of autopoietic systems in their most basic form. These “cellular automata” help test ideas like autopoiesis outside of the complicated world of biology, where disentangling all the complex chemical machinery of living cells is nearly impossible.

Egbert is fascinated by an idea called “viability-based behavior,” which he described as “something special autopoietic systems can do that non-autopoietic systems cannot do.” Unlike, say, a rock or even a complex machine, autopoietic systems actively behave in ways that promote their own survival. This could be as simple as a bacterium moving toward warmer, more hospitable conditions. In this case, the organism modifies its immediate environment to promote its own health.

This notion echoes a characteristic of living systems called niche construction, whereby organisms actively regulate and modify features of their environment to create conditions that enhance their survivability. Humans build houses, beavers build dams, birds build nests. But even the simple act of movement, of choosing to take one path toward a more favorable location, is a minimal example of viability-based behavior. “It’s not just that the environment is posing a problem that the organism has to solve, but the organism is also affecting the environment, influencing it and selecting it,” Egbert said.

more here.

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Ken Jacobs’s Optic Antics

David Hudson at The Current:

“Eisenstein said the power of film was to be found between shots,” Ken Jacobs told Víctor Paz Morandeira in a 2015 Notebook interview. “Peter Kubelka seeks it between film frames. I want to get between the eyes, contest the separate halves of the brain. A whole new play of appearances is possible here.”

On Sunday, that perpetually evolving lifelong project came to an end. Just four months after his wife, artist Flo Jacobs, passed away, Ken Jacobs died. He was ninety-two. “While the official cause of death was from kidney failure,” said their son, filmmaker Azazel Jacobs, “life without his collaborator and partner since 1960 was unimaginable for so many, especially him.”
Talking to R. Emmet Sweeney in Metrograph Journal a few years ago, Jacobs recalled meeting Florence Karpf on a beach one afternoon. He’d been drawing with paints on cardboard, and while at first she took him for a “jerk,” she then “saw the drawings and said, ‘Yep, I’ll take him.’” Years later, the couple wound up in a fourth-floor walk-up in Lower Manhattan that Jim Knipfel, who interviewed Ken Jacobs for the Brooklyn Rail in 2006, described as “a comfortably cluttered maze.”
more here.

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Shakespeare’s Greatest Rival

Steven Greenblatt in Harvard Magazine:

He was a radical, the inventor of blank verse, a master of internal monologue, and a victim of murder. This was the English playwright Christopher Marlowe, a contemporary and rival of William Shakespeare—and perhaps the Bard’s key creative influence. At 14, young Marlowe—the son of a poor Canterbury cobbler—won a scholarship to the prestigious King’s School, becoming the first in his family to receive a formal education. He excelled, went on to the University of Cambridge, and there studied the great works of antiquity, from Virgil’s Aeneid to Ovid’s Metamorphoses. Where his classmates saw musty mandatory reading, Marlowe found something else: worlds of ecstatic violence and erotic excess, of vengeful outcasts and capricious gods, worlds that upended the Christian moral order in which he was raised.

After graduation, Marlowe faced an uncertain future—unlike his wealthy classmates, his education didn’t secure for him a place in society. So, he decided to take a risk, moving to London to try his hand at an unstable, disreputable profession: writing for the stage.

More here.

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Stomach Cells Vomit Waste, Not Digest It, To Mend Injuries

Andrea Lius in The Scientist:

When the stomach gets injured, the large, enzyme-secreting cells in its lining, called chief cells, can quickly reprogram themselves to become small, proliferative cells to repair the damaged tissue. Scientists once thought that this dramatic downsizing involved the destruction of the cells’ components through lysosomes, organelles that act as cells’ garbage cans.

But recently, a group of researchers discovered that in mice, gastric chief cells did not swallow unwanted cell debris—they threw it up.1 The team, led by Jeffrey Brown, a gastroenterologist at Washington University and Jason Mills, an anatomical pathologist at Baylor University, named this process cathartocytosis, which means “cellular cleansing” in Greek. Their findings, published in Cell Reports, offer insights into how this novel biological phenomenon can help stomach wounds heal and if dysregulated, may lead to cancer.

More here.

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Thursday Poem

Glorious World

I feel it again and again, no matter
Whether I am old or young:
A mountain range in the night,
On the balcony a silent woman,
A white street in the moonliglht curving gently away
That tears my heart with longing out of my body.

Oh burning world, oh white woman on the balcony,
Baying dog in the valley, train rolling far away,
What liars you were, how bitterly you deceived me,
Yet you turn out to be any sweetest dream and illusion.

Often I tried the frightening way of “reality,”
Where things that count are profession, law, fashion, finance.
But disillusioned and freed I fled away alone
To the other side, the place of dreams and blessed folly.

Sultry wind in the tree at night, dark gypsy woman,
World full of foolish yearning and the poet’s breath,
Glorious world I always come back to,
Where your heat lightning beckons me,
where your voice
calls!

by Hermann Hesse
from Poetic Outlaws

 

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Wednesday, October 8, 2025

Good Riddance To ‘The Best American Poetry’

Nick Sturm at Defector:

Lehman the poet-journalist was now series editor of a popular anthology, a prestige role that bred more prestige roles: judging the National Book Award for poetry, editing The Oxford Anthology of American Poetry, and a 22-year position teaching creative writing at The New School. By handing over annual guest editorship of The Best American Poetry to prominent poets such as Ashbery, Yusef Komunyakaa, Edward Hirsch, and Louise Glück, Lehman aligned the anthology series with a broad spectrum of influential and prize-winning poets whose “ecumenical” taste—Lehman’s favored descriptor for his guest editors’ disposition—became aligned with his own.

Lehman believes in the power of anthologies. He has good reason to: The Best American Poetry has been published continuously by a Big Five imprint for nearly 40 years. It has made him “arguably the most important tastemaker of contemporary American poetry,” Denise Duhamel wrote in the foreword to The State of the Art.⁠ This year’s anthology, framed as a celebration of Lehman’s vision, will be the final volume.

With this powerful emblem of professional literary culture coming to an end, what are we to make of The Best American Poetry? I want to offer two ways to approach this question. One is about taste. The other is about publishing.

More here.

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Will AI ever win its own Nobel? Some predict a prize-worthy science discovery soon

Jenna Ahart in Nature:

Demis Hassabis (left) and John Jumper (middle) won a Nobel prize for the AI model AlphaFold.

In 2016, Hiroaki Kitano, a biologist and chief executive at Sony AI, challenged researchers to accomplish just that: to develop an AI system so advanced that it could make a discovery worthy of a Nobel prize. Calling it the Nobel Turing Challenge, Kitano presented the endeavour as the grand challenge for AI in science1. A machine wins if it can achieve a discovery on a par with top-level human research.

That’s not something current models can do. But by 2050, the Nobel Turing Challenge envisions an AI system that, without human intervention, combines the skills of hypothesis generation, experimental planning and data analysis to make a breakthrough worthy of a Nobel prize.

It might not even take until 2050.

More here.

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Pranab Bardhan: When I first Came to the US two Political Issues Unexpectedly Disturbed Me

Pranab Bardhan at his own Substack:

I had a visceral distaste for the country’s imperial hegemony and its support of oppressive regimes all over the world in the name of fighting the Cold War. The ongoing Vietnam War was an obvious irritant. At the same time, I knew that in the world of new ideas, entrepreneurial innovations and academic excellence, American pre-eminence was undeniable.

In fact, coming from an extremely hierarchical Indian society and then from the class snobbery that pervades in England, in some sense the American social scene was a bit of fresh air for me, somewhat contrary to what I had expected (and guessed from reading about the country’s dark history of racial oppression and discrimination). At MIT where Joe Stiglitz and I were hired as young economics assistant professors at the same time, our offices were close together, and both Joe and I used to work until quite late. Late evenings the janitors (mostly black) would come to sweep the floors and clean the bins and the toilets. Sometimes they’d sit down in our rooms and chat with us about the latest in sports, weather or politics. To Joe, this was routine; he did not realize how pleasantly out of the ordinary it was for me, coming from India. To this day in India, I have never seen a sweeper or a toilet cleaner daring to sit and chat with professors (or with students, for that matter). So that was a refreshing experience.

More here.

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The Thomas Pynchon Experience

Christian Lorentzen at Bookforum:

THE PATERNITY OF Hicks McTaggart—defender of dames, dodger of bombs, twirler of spaghetti, the amiable behemoth hero of Thomas Pynchon’s Shadow Ticket who prowls the streets of Depression-era Milwaukee—is a question his author leaves open. His mother, Grace, and her sister, Peony, “grew up in the Driftless Area, a patch of Wisconsin never visited by glaciers, so that its terrain tends to be a little less flat and ground down than the rest of the state, free of the rubble, known as drift, that glaciers leave behind.” (Despite its charming name, the Driftless Area is a real place, not a Pynchonian invention.) Once old enough to hitchhike (“Soon as they could figure out how to bring their thumbs out of their mouths and into the wind”), Grace and Peony started consorting with circus performers wintering in Baraboo, a town at the Driftless Area’s northeastern edge, before making their way to Milwaukee to take ordinary jobs and marry ordinary men. Grace’s marriage to Eddie McTaggart was interrupted by the discovery of her ongoing affair with Max, a German elephant trainer back in Baraboo. Eddie skipped town and headed west, never to be heard from again. Of Max we are told: “When other boys got sentimental they talked about all the children you were going to have, with Max it was more likely to be elephants.”

more here.

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Wednesday Poem

I’m sorry I want to say

and greenhouse and topsoil and basil greens
and cowshit and snowfall and spinach knife
and woodsmoke and watering can and common thistle

and potato digger and peach trees
and poison parsnip and romaine hearts
and rockpiles and spring trilliums and ramp circles

what song of grassblade
what creak of dark rustle tree
and blueblack wind from the north

this vetch this grapevine
this waterhose this mosspatch

sunflower gardens in the lowland
dog graves between the apple trees

this fistfull of onion tops
this garlic laid silent in the barn
this green this green this green

sweet cucumber leaf
sweet yellow bean

and all this I try to make a human shape
the darkness regenerating a shadow of a limb

my tongue embraces the snap pea
and so it is sweet

how does the rusted golfcart in the chickweed
inform my daily breath

I’m sorry I want to say
to the unhearing spaces
between the dogwood trees

for my tiny little life
I have pressed into
your bruising green skin

by Lucy Walker
from Pank Magazine

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From Nothing, Everything

Victoria Wohl at Aeon Magazine:

The history of nothing in Western philosophy is long and varied. Philosophers have distinguished between different kinds of nothing (what is not absolutely, not a specific something, not real, etc): its vagueness is part of the fecundity of the concept. They have treated it as a problem of theology (the heretical idea that everything may come not from God, but from nothing); of ethics (for Jean-Paul Sartre, nothingness is the precondition of human freedom); and of logic, as when Bertrand Russell scandalously conceded the logical existence of negative facts.

Above all, speaking nothing has been a problem of ontology, the systematic discourse (logos in ancient Greek) of beings (onta) and of being (on). Ontology is the study not of this or that particular being but of being in general: not just every material and conceptual entity in the world but the essence (from the Latin esse, ‘to be’) that unites them all and allows us to say of each one that it ‘is’. Ontology asks: what actually exists and how do we know? An investigation of fundamental reality, it also opens onto questions about language and thought and their access to (or obstruction of) that reality – that is, the relation between logos and onta.

more here.

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The Translator’s Voice — Ann Goldstein on Translating Elena Ferrante’s “Neapolitan Quartet”

Ian Battaglia in Chicago Review of Books:

Despite the fact nearly no one knows her true identity, Elena Ferrante needs perhaps no introduction. The prolific and reclusive Italian writer has been writing since 1992, but reached international fame with My Brilliant Friend, the first of the Neapolitan Quartet of novels. It was the skillful hand of translator Ann Goldstein who helped introduce the novels to an English-reading audience. Though she was an integral part of one of the most popular works of fiction in the 21st century, Goldstein tells me she became a translator “accidentally,” after having studied Italian while working in the copy editing department of the New Yorker.

While no one could’ve predicted the extent of the Neopolitan Quartet’s popularity, there is a universality to the novels that clearly resonated with a wide swath of readers. Across the work’s roughly 1,500 pages, we follow the lives of two friends, the narrator Elena and her friend Raffaella (mostly called Lila in the novel) as their lives unfold from 1950s Naples and into the 2010s. Ten years after the release of the fourth and final book, Europa Editions is releasing a new deluxe edition of the work, collected in one volume, perhaps as it was always meant to be.

More here.

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AI models that lie, cheat and plot murder: how dangerous are LLMs really?

Matthew Hutson in Nature:

Are AIs capable of murder?

That’s a question some artificial intelligence (AI) experts have been considering in the wake of a report published in June by the AI company Anthropic. In tests of 16 large language models (LLMs) — the brains behind chatbots — a team of researchers found that some of the most popular of these AIs issued apparently homicidal instructions in a virtual scenario. The AIs took steps that would lead to the death of a fictional executive who had planned to replace them.

That’s just one example of apparent bad behaviour by LLMs. In several other studies and anecdotal examples, AIs have seemed to ‘scheme’ against their developers and users — secretly and strategically misbehaving for their own benefit. They sometimes fake following instructions, attempt to duplicate themselves and threaten extortion. Some researchers see this behaviour as a serious threat, whereas others call it hype. So should these episodes really cause alarm, or is it foolish to treat LLMs as malevolent masterminds?

More here.

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