AI has limits, even if many AI people can’t see them

Henry Farrell over at his substack, Programmable Mutter:

Towards the end of his new book, The Irrational Decision, Ben Recht explains what he has set out to do.

Most books on technology either take the side that all technology is bad, or all technology is good. This isn’t one of those books. Such books focus too much on harms and not enough on limits. Limits are more empowering. Throughout the book, I’ve maintained that mathematical rationality is limited in what kinds of problems it is best placed to solve but has sweet spots that have yielded remarkable technological advances.

It may be that more books on technology escape the good-bad dichotomy than Ben allows. Even so, I haven’t read another book that is nearly as useful in explaining why and where the broad family of approaches that we (perhaps unfortunately) call AI work, and why and where they don’t. Ben (who is a mate) combines a deep understanding of the technologies with a grasp of the history and ability to write clearly and well about complicated things. I learned a lot from this book. Very likely, you will too.

The good-bad dichotomy that Ben describes does indeed shape a whole lot of our current debate around “mathematical rationality” and AI.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

The Reckoning

Mona Ali in Equator:

The closure of a strategic waterway by a besieged nation ranks among the rarest and most consequential events in the history of the global economy. It has happened only twice in the postwar era. In 1956, Egypt closed the Suez Canal for five months – an act that broke Britain’s imperial currency and inaugurated the petrodollar age. It demonstrated for the first time that a small country could inflict serious damage on the economic order that had subjugated it. Now Iran has effectively blockaded the Strait of Hormuz, through which a quarter of the world’s seaborne oil passes. The question is whether this crisis heralds the end of American hegemony – and marks the beginning of the struggle over who or what will replace it.

The US-Israeli war on Iran has stranded more than 3000 vessels in the Persian Gulf and left the world short of over eleven million barrels of oil a day. Entire hydrocarbon-based supply chains have been disrupted: not just oil and gas exports but also supplies of urea used in fertiliser, helium for semiconductors and sulphur for defence equipment. Having long suffered under Western sanctions, Iran is now deploying the economic weapon itself.

The effects are ruinous and cascading.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Oscar Wilde’s Only Grandchild Reckons With the Shadows of Scandal

Elizabeth Winkler in The New York Times:

On the evening of Nov. 30, 1994, Merlin Holland sat in a dim side aisle of the Église Saint-Germain-des-Prés, the Paris church where, in 1900, Oscar Wilde had been given a quiet, almost clandestine funeral. Holland had spent the day tracing his grandfather’s final, penniless years in exile for a BBC documentary, and it had disturbed him. That evening, several dozen candles were already burning at the entrance to the chapel, far more than on his previous visits. Working out the day, he realized it was the anniversary of his grandfather’s death.

The fans had remembered; he hadn’t. He sat there with his unlit candle, resenting what felt like the intrusion of strangers on a private moment.

Then something shifted. “Blood and history flowed together,” he writes in a new book, “and I found myself the unwilling conduit for a century of unwept family grief”: for Wilde’s two sons, Cyril and Vyvyan, who were raised to forget him; for his wife, Constance, who stood by him through scandal and imprisonment for “gross indecency,” dying within a year of his release; and for Wilde himself, who never saw his family again after prison.

“For the first time,” Holland wrote, “I felt it was part of me, not just cold, bare facts from the past.”

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Sunday Poem

Two Tramps in Mud Time

Out of the mud two strangers came
And caught me splitting wood in the yard,
And one of them put me off my aim
By hailing cheerily “Hit them hard!”
I knew pretty well why he had dropped behind
And let the other go on a way.
I knew pretty well what he had in mind:
He wanted to take my job for pay.

Good blocks of oak it was I split,
As large around as the chopping block;
And every piece I squarely hit
Fell splinterless as a cloven rock.
The blows that a life of self-control
Spares to strike for the common good,
That day, giving a loose my soul,
I spent on the unimportant wood.

The sun was warm but the wind was chill.
You know how it is with an April day
When the sun is out and the wind is still,
You’re one month on in the middle of May.
But if you so much as dare to speak,
A cloud comes over the sunlit arch,
A wind comes off a frozen peak,
And you’re two months back in the middle of March.

A bluebird comes tenderly up to alight
And turns to the wind to unruffle a plume,
His song so pitched as not to excite
A single flower as yet to bloom.
It is snowing a flake; and he half knew
Winter was only playing possum.
Except in color he isn’t blue,
But he wouldn’t advise a thing to blossom.

The water for which we may have to look
In summertime with a witching wand,
In every wheelrut’s now a brook,
In every print of a hoof a pond.
Be glad of water, but don’t forget
The lurking frost in the earth beneath
That will steal forth after the sun is set
And show on the water its crystal teeth. Read more »

Friday, April 10, 2026

City animals act in the same brazen ways around the world

Daniel T. Blumstein, Peter Mikula, and Piotr Tryjanowski in The Conversation:

The urban monkeys in New Delhi are so bold they’ll steal the lunch right off your plate. If you’ve spent time in New York, you’ve probably seen squirrels try to do the same. Sydney’s white ibises got the nickname “bin chickens” for stealing trash and sandwiches.

This brazen behavior isn’t normal for most species in the countryside, yet it shows up in urban wildlife, and not just in these cities.

Studies show that animals living in urban environments around the world exhibit common sets of behaviors. At the same time, these urban animals are losing traits they would need in the wild. This process of urban animals’ behavior becoming more similar is known as “behavioral homogenization,” and it accompanies the loss of species diversity with urbanization.

We study animals in urban settings to understand how humans can help wildlife thrive in an urbanizing world. In a new study, we explore the causes and the long-term consequences of these behavior changes for urban wildlife.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

CAR T-cell therapy takes woman from bedridden to ‘perfectly fine’

Michael Le Page at New Scientist:

A woman who had three different autoimmune conditions has not required treatments for almost a year after her immune cells were genetically modified and used to kill off the rogue cells attacking her body. “She was deathly sick and bedridden at the time we met her, and we treated her, and seven days later, she got out of bed,” says Fabian Müller at the University Hospital of Erlangen in Germany. Within months she appeared to be fully recovered. “I just saw her yesterday. She’s perfectly fine,” says Müller, speaking 11 months after the treatment.

This woman is one of a growing number of people with autoimmune conditions who have been successfully treated this way, and the first to have three different ones treated simultaneously. “The really crazy thing is that you have three autoimmune diseases, and all three of them, by chance, you can tackle with one treatment,” says Müller.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Internet “brain rot” has escaped our phones to take over … well, everything

Willy Staley in the New York Times:

Maybe a decade ago, it still felt as if there were a wild expanse within your phone, a portal to a vast and sometimes terrifying alternate dimension. If the sensation resembled anything in the real world, it was vertigo: There was a bottomless pit in the palm of your hand. And since the mass isolation of the pandemic, that feeling has been replaced by a growing sense of claustrophobia. You can leave it in the other room if you want, but your phone still closes in on you. Even if you spend very little time online, there’s little you can do outside the logic of the internet. It is a force that warps our reality, a cosmic background noise that is everywhere and nowhere — something inhuman that’s subtly reshaping our language, our politics, even our minds.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

The Audacity Is a Sharp Satire for Tech’s Fear and Self-Loathing Era

Judy Berman in The Time Magazine:

In a scene from AMC’s new tech-industry drama The Audacity, two old friends reunite around a crackling campfire. “Men like you and me, we gotta duck when sh-t f-cks the fan,” Randall Park’s Gabe tells his pal turned business partner, Duncan (Billy Magnussen). “Get an island, get some guns, and go long on guillotines.” Gabe is already putting that plan into action. Once a hedonist partying with the proceeds of a website called GambleSluts.com, he’s now living as a paranoiac quasi-hermit on a luxurious private island. As Duncan sadly notes, Gabe has stationed armed guards where models in bikinis used to gyrate. Welcome to the Silicon Valley psyche ca. 2026.

This siege mentality defines The Audacity. Premiering April 12, the series joins a voluminous canon of tech satires (Silicon Valley), thrillers (Westworld), sagas (Halt and Catch Fire), philosophical treatises (Devs), and compilations of all of the above (Black Mirror); the more this sector dominates our lives, the larger it looms in the minds of our storytellers.
More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

One Human Faced 100 Hungry Mosquitoes to Model Where They Bite

David Hu in The Scientist:

“Four minutes is too long.”

That’s the note undergraduate Chris Zuo sent me along with photos of countless mosquito bites on his bare skin. This full-body massacre wasn’t the result of a camping trip gone awry. He’d spent that limited amount of time in a room with 100 hungry mosquitoes while wearing nothing but a mesh suit we thought would have protected him.

Thus began our three-year journey trying to understand the behavior of a deceivingly simple insect, the mosquito.1 It may sound like a professor’s sadistic plan, but, really, we did everything by the book. Our university’s institutional review board approved our procedures, making sure Chris was safe and not coerced in any way. The mosquitoes were disease-free and native to our home state of Georgia. And this session resulted in the first and last bites anyone received during the study.

Besides my role as torturer of students, I am an author and professor at Georgia Tech with over 20 years of experience studying the movement of animals.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Friday Poem

Enter Book


The book you held in your hands
now lies on the nightstand by your bed,
in its heart
the lines you sketched
under the sentences you read more than once, bewildered,
before you put the book down
and started pacing aimlessly between the rooms.

You let it drown you for a full week,
took it everywhere you went;
read it alone in bed,
and stretched out on the sofa while the family’s voices
drifted toward you from the other room. 

Whenever you’d lift your head,
you found yourself
face-to-face with the world,
glancing at the sky outside your window;
ready, at last, to converse with the hills. 

Every book grants you the language
you need to make contact
with something you had no idea even existed:
a tree’s pores, a fox’s nose,
sadness on a face, a nation’s suffering. 

Look how beautiful you look as you read.
Look how peaceful you look
as you let an entire continent colonize you;
as you lay the book down on the nightstand,
as if returning to the world
something that belongs to it—

as you stand, dazzled by the hills
as though the book, too,
has returned to the world
something that belongs to it.

By Dalia Taha
Translation from Arabic By Sara Elkamel

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Thursday, April 9, 2026

The writing secrets of Stephen King

Kathryn Hughes in The Guardian:

When Caroline Bicks first met Stephen King she was worried. As a teenager she had scared herself silly with his books – Carrie and The Shining were the two that crept under her skin and refused to budge – but now she found herself in the odd position of being Stephen E King professor at the University of Maine. The chair had been named in honour of the English department’s most famous alumnus, and Dr Bicks was a Harvard-trained Shakespeare specialist. What, beyond a name, would they really have in common?

At the time of her appointment, Bicks’s employers had told her not to initiate contact with the famous author in any way. But four years into the job she got a phone call from “Steve” who turned out to be a teddy bear: “I couldn’t believe it. The man responsible for terrifying generations of readers – including me – was so … nice.” Not quite a meet-cute, but promising.

This book is Bicks’s account of what happened when King gave her permission to spend a year in his archive, poring over the drafts of five of his most popular novels, including Pet Sematary, The Shining and Carrie. Bicks’s particular aim is to spot what she calls King’s “biblio‑magic” in action. She wants to identify how he chooses and places words with the intention of producing material effects on the reader’s body. How, exactly, does he make hearts beat faster, stomachs lurch and palms prickle with sweat?

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Laws of Nature and Chances: What Breathes Fire into the Equations

Craig Callender at Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews:

This book’s subtitle is based on a question the physicist Stephen Hawking once asked: “What breathes fire into the equations…?” If understood as asking what makes some propositions laws of nature, Barry Loewer’s book provides an answer: the activity of science. Not God, powers, dispositions, essences, capacities, or primitives. Loewer instead develops a sophisticated “Humean” answer that grounds the origin of nomological modality in scientific practice.

Thirty years ago, Loewer defended a theory of laws of nature inspired by David Lewis (1996). Since then, he has become a champion of all things Humean in the metaphysics of science—from laws to chances to counterfactuals to explanation—and he has helped shape the field as we know it today. Bouncing off Lewis’s rich project, Loewer is, like Lewis, an example of a (these days, rare) systematic philosopher. At the core of his system is, well, the system, the “best system” theory of laws. According to this theory, which traces its origins to J.S. Mill and Frank Ramsey, the laws of nature are the result of the most powerful and compact summary of the fundamental facts of the world. This long-awaited book is a kind of best system manifesto, which motivates and advances the theory based on his three decades of reflection upon it.

more here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Ultralightweight sonar plus AI lets tiny drones navigate like bats

Nitin Sanket at The Conversation:

To help small aerial robots navigate in the dark and other low-visibility environments, my colleagues and I developed an ultrasound-based perception system inspired by bat echolocation.

Current robots rely heavily on cameras or light detection and ranging, known as lidar, or both. But these sensors fail in visually challenging conditions, such as smoke, fog, dust, snow or complete darkness.

I’m a scientific engineer who develops bio-inspired microrobots. To solve this challenge, my research team looked at nature’s experts at navigating in poor visibility: bats. They thrive in dark, damp and dusty caves and can detect obstacles as thin as a human hair using echolocation while weighing as little as two paper clips. They emit sound waves and listen to weak echoes reflected from objects.

However, enabling this sensing on aerial robots is extremely challenging because propellers generate a lot of noise. It is a bit like trying to listen to your friend while a jet engine is taking off next to you.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

On Ben Lerner’s Transcription

Maggie Millner at n+1:

Transcription is his first book written as an elegy, a mode that comes with a thornier-than-usual crop of formal mandates. What kind of verbal machine is an elegy supposed to be, let alone one for intellectual giants like Waldrop or Kluge? To honor the departed mentors in true mimetic fashion, the ideal book should both describe and ventriloquize them, incorporating these writers’ love of slippage and fragmentation, their aversion to cliché and self-seriousness, their taste for the marginal and off-kilter over the exhaustive and august. It should constellate their favorite metaphors and métiers: dreams, angels, ghosts, “apothegms.” It should resist hyperbole. It should purloin language and motifs from their own books and letters, enacting the alchemy of artistic influence. It should alert us to the limits of memory and bend our sense of linear time. It should also, preferably, and wherever possible, approximate the conditions of death itself.

Implausibly, Transcription pulls off all this and more. It is a lovely, desponding, idiosyncratic novel, anchored in a series of dialogues about artmaking, technology, and literal and figurative parenthood.

more here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.