The Story Paradox

Andrew Gelman at Statistical Modeling, Causal Inference, and Social Science:

I just read the above-titled book by Jonathan Gottschall. It was really interesting–he convincingly argues that (a) stories are a central part of lives and always will be, and (b) stories are dangerous and we’re living in a world of dangerous stories. The book isn’t perfect–the author is a bit too credulous for my taste in citing dubious social-psychology studies–but no book is perfect, and I got a lot out of it, and now that I’ve read it, I feel pretty much in agreement with its arguments.

Some ideas in the book reminded me of things we’ve discussed before, so I thought I’d share them with you.

On p.56, Gottschall writes, “persuasion isn’t the same as instruction–as taking a blank slate and filling it up. You have to move a mind from one place to another, which means overcoming inertia with some kind of force.”

This reminds me of the idea that Thomas Basbøll and I have raised, that good stories are anomalous and immutable. The “immutable” bit refers to true stories, and it’s the idea that they present some facts, some things that really happened. “Anomalous” refers to the twist in the story, the idea that any good story contains a surprise. That’s why I think of storytelling as predictive model checking (see also here). Gottschall’s “overcoming inertia” sounds to me like what we do in statistics when we encounter data that contradicts our existing model of the world. The existing model is the inertia, and a key insight is that this existing model–this inertia–is always there. It’s central to the story. To the extent that the story is surprising–and I’d argue that every good story has surprises–these are relative to some expectations. A good way to understand a story is to consider the (often implicit) assumptions it’s working against. It’s the revelation that the assumptions are wrong that is the force that persuades.

More here.

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A boring theory of the populist right

Matthew Yglesias at Slow Boring:

Almost all theories in elite discourse about why people vote for right-wing populism posit that deindustrialization or free trade or “neoliberalism” or some other thing that left-wing intellectuals think is bad induces support for political parties on the right.

A simpler explanation is that a significant minority of the public in most Western countries agrees with right-wing cultural politics.

I tend to believe that the latter is true.

For example, many rank-and-file G.O.P. primary voters circa 2015 were a bit more moderate than Republican leaders on topics like Social Security and Medicare but more right-wing on immigration and crime. So when Trump offered that set of issue positions during the primaries, his platform resonated with a lot of voters.

This hypothesis tends to be under-explored in the scholarly literature, I think, because researchers are overwhelmingly left-wing themselves.

More here.

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Transcendence for Beginners

Sarah Bakewell at The Guardian:

Carlisle illustrates the difference with a children’s fable told in Karen Blixen’s Out of Africa. In brief: a man stumbles around in the mud for a while in the middle of the night. He loses his way, changes direction and trips over a few things before going back to bed. Only when he wakes up and sees the scene by daylight does he realise that his footprints have traced out a perfect picture of a stork. The point is that, by living, we create a meaningful picture without knowing it – unless we attain some inkling of that wider view through art or mysticism.

This idea that we “manifest” something in life is explored through the rest of the book. Each essay leads us further up into the conceptual clouds and closer to the idea of transcendence. The Milieu looks at the various wider contexts a life can have – historical or social, for example. Incarnations examines spiritual possibilities as embodied by individuals.

more here.

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Tuesday Poem

On the Death of Jack Lipsitz

As to heaven — since he was no saint,
I’m not sure my father was admitted.
He was the sort, you see, not especially
Given to taking orders. If God
instructed him to butcher his son,
the way Abraham was told, he would
have hesitated, probably offering
An excuse like an arm gone arthritic,
or, having taken me to the mountain,
would have suffered a case of acute
heartburn and been helped home,
burping.

That night he would have whispered
to me: “What is this, killing my son?
the man must have emotional
problems. I hear also he burns cities
supposedly wicked. He must be under
a strain. You have to overlook sometimes.”
and coughing once or twice, would have
fallen asleep.

Had any prophets been around, they
would have preached against his kind.
A man of the belly, they would have said,
giving over his life unto earthly pleasures.
unto suntan and games of chance. A man
never seen in the sanctuaries of the Lord.
but taking himself instead into barbershops,
Movies, haberdasherers, and, sometimes,
a casino. They would lament his slavery
to convention. A man without backbone
from the teachings of The Book.

So when he came to The Gate, perhaps
they would have admitted him, grudgingly,
for after all, he had never engaged in
cruelty, had never forgotten entirely how
to love. They would have warned him though
and cautioned him to keep to the side streets,
out of sight of the righteous men and women
who spread their pious, obedient wings
on the main boulevards.

After a couple of weeks, he would have
gone quietly to find the gin rummy players
who live on the outskirts of Hell.

By Lou Lipsitz
From
Seeking the Hook
Signal Books, Chapel Hill, NC, 1997

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Christian Pacifism And Human Nature

Peter Mommsen at The Point:

Growing up, one of the first things I learned from the Bible was the commandment Thou shalt not kill. This makes sense considering that the religious community I belong to—the Bruderhof—is rooted in Anabaptism, a Christian tradition that, with occasional exceptions, has been pacifist since 1525. (The Anabaptist movement, which also includes the Amish, Mennonites and Hutterites, celebrates its quincentenary this year.) Over the sixteenth century, thousands of Anabaptists were executed as traitors to Christendom by Catholic and Protestant rulers. No doubt that’s why their signature virtue was Gelassenheit—“self-abandonment,” “submission,” “readiness to suffer.” It’s an ethic Nietzsche would have hated.

For a long time, I didn’t like it either, even after taking lifelong vows to become a Bruderhof member as an adult. Christian pacifism irritates because it demands what the biblical scholar Richard Hays calls “the conversion of the imagination”—the overturning of certain assumptions that modernity lives by.

more here.

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A Red-Carpet Star Is Born

Christopher Barnard in The New York Times:

Cole Escola, the actor and playwright, stood before a mirror at a pastel-colored studio in Manhattan’s garment district, holding a spray of white satin flowers in one hand. “The calla lilies are in bloom again,” Escola said, quoting a Katharine Hepburn line from the film “Stage Door.” The actor delivered it in Ms. Hepburn’s signature mid-Atlantic accent. It was the last day of June — the day of the New York City Pride March — and Escola was at the studio of Jackson Wiederhoeft, the designer of the brand Wiederhoeft, for a fitting before a red-carpet appearance: the Broadway premiere of “Oh, Mary!,” a comedic play written by and starring Escola, on Thursday.

In the show, Escola plays a fictionalized version of the former first lady Mary Todd Lincoln, portraying her as an alcoholic and an aspiring cabaret performer desperate to flee the White House and her husband. After it premiered Off Broadway in February, “Oh, Mary!” received a groundswell of raves from critics, generating buzz loud enough for it to twice extend its Off Broadway run before being brought to Broadway this summer.

More here.

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David Baltimore, Renowned Molecular Biologist and Nobel Laureate, Dies at 87

Sahana Sitaraman in The Scientist:

David Baltimore, a celebrated molecular biologist and Nobel laureate, passed away on 6 September 2025 at age 87. Through a career that spanned more than half a century, he influenced the trajectory of many fields in biology, from unraveling the molecular mechanisms of the human immunodeficiency virus to obtaining a deeper understanding of cancer. He published over 600 academic papers throughout his career.

“David Baltimore’s contributions as a virologist, discerning fundamental mechanisms and applying those insights to immunology, to cancer, to AIDS, have transformed biology and medicine,” said Thomas Rosenbaum, a physicist, and current president of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), in a statement . “David’s profound influence as a mentor to generations of students and postdocs, his generosity as a colleague, his leadership of great scientific institutions, and his deep involvement in international efforts to define ethical boundaries for biological advances fill out an extraordinary intellectual life.”

More here.

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Monday, September 8, 2025

From Stravinsky to Donna Summer: How 20th-Century Classical Music Shaped Pop

Steven Poole in The Guardian:

One of many things I did not expect to learn in this book is that the BBC benefited from Nazi technology. Its standard tape recorder, in use till the 1970s, was called the BTR-2: EMI’s original model, the BTR-1, had been copied from a captured example of the German “magnetophon”, as used by Hitler to record a radio broadcast.

Musicians who liked fiddling with machines, too, benefited from this legacy. Delia Derbyshire, the BBC Radiophonic Workshop pioneer who produced the original Doctor Who theme tune and otherwise particularly enjoyed playing an enamel green lampshade, influenced Paul McCartney’s experiments with tape loops, while Steve Reich hit upon his compositional technique of “phasing” phrases in and out of sync with one another on tape recorders, before training live musicians to do the same.

Many other revolutions occurred in sheds and back rooms. Bob Moog, a musically trained engineer, invented his electronic synthesiser in his garage. Along with other synths such as the Buchla, it was initially used by avant garde classical composers such as the great Karlheinz Stockhausen, then deployed by psychedelic rockers in the 1960s, before eventually Giorgio Moroder used a Moog for the bass part on Donna Summer’s futurist-disco earthquake I Feel Love and all hell broke loose.

More here.

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What Is the Fourier Transform?

Shalma Wegsman in Quanta:

In the early 1800s, the French mathematician Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier discovered a way to take any function and decompose it into a set of fundamental waves, or frequencies. Add these constituent frequencies back together, and you’ll get your original function. The technique, today called the Fourier transform, allowed the mathematician — previously an ardent proponent of the French revolution — to spur a mathematical revolution as well.

Out of the Fourier transform grew an entire field of mathematics, called harmonic analysis, which studies the components of functions. Soon enough, mathematicians began to discover deep connections between harmonic analysis and other areas of math and physics, from number theory to differential equations to quantum mechanics. You can also find the Fourier transform at work in your computer, allowing you to compress files, enhance audio signals and more.

“It’s hard to overestimate the influence of Fourier analysis in math,” said Leslie Greengard(opens a new tab) of New York University and the Flatiron Institute.

More here.

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Is Trump the President of Europe?

Zaki Laïdi at Project Syndicate:

EU leaders “jokingly call me the president of Europe,” Donald Trump claimed at a recent press conference. As bizarre as that sounds, it does have a slight ring of truth. For seven months, Europe has desperately sought to placate the US president, usually with groveling displays of sycophancy designed to play to Trump’s unbridled narcissism.

Accordingly, when Trump recently grumbled some encouraging remarks about supporting Ukraine, European leaders saw it as the hard-won result of their self-abasement strategy. But when Trump made more ominous remarks, they rushed to the White House. Either way, it is Trump calling the shots, because European leaders refuse even to countenance a rupture with the United States.

But kowtowing to Trump will not make him any less unpredictable. His capriciousness is not just a personality trait; it is a modus operandi. Trump seeks to instill insecurity in others, so that they cannot organize a potent or coherent response.

More here.

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Mikhail Baryshnikov’s 15 Months at New York City Ballet

Marina Harss at the Hudson Review:

From the moment Baryshnikov landed in New York he was hungry to learn new roles and to have works created for him. In quick succession, he performed Frederick Ashton’s La Fille mal gardée, Roland Petit’s Le Jeune Homme et la Mort, John Butler’s Medea, Antony Tudor’s Shadowplay, Michel Fokine’s Le Spectre de la Rose, Jerome Robbins’ Other Dances, Alvin Ailey’s Pas de Duke, a total of about two dozen new roles in two years according to the book Baryshnikov at Work. His most significant collaboration was with the modern-dance choreographer Twyla Tharp, who created Push Comes to Shove, a work in which he revealed a new, vaudevillian side, around Baryshnikov’s talents. This ballet provided the audience with the first inkling of Baryshnikov’s new “American” persona. In 1977 and early 1978, he also débuted in two essential male roles by Balanchine: Prodigal Son and Apollo. Neither début took place at New York City Ballet, nor did he learn the choreography or receive coaching from Balanchine.
 
Still, during his first four years in the US, during which he was based at American Ballet Theatre, the bulk of his performances was in the same nineteenth-century repertoire he had been dancing in Russia—a raft of Giselles and Coppélias and Bayadères.

more here.

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A Scandal in Königsberg, 1835–1842

John Banville at Literary Review:

It was in the summer of 1835 that a report landed, with what was surely an ominous thud, on the desk of Carl Sigmund Franz Freiherr vom Stein zum Altenstein – the book is worth reading for the names alone – the Prussian minister of church affairs, based in Berlin, which was a very long way from Königsberg, capital of East Prussia. Königsberg’s renown derived chiefly from the presence at the city’s university, the Albertina, of the philosopher Immanuel Kant. After his death in 1804, however, the Albertina ‘lapsed into the status of a sleepy provincial college’. The diminution of the intellectual tone in the city may account for some of the religious excesses that Clark recounts.

One of the most excessive figures was Johann Heinrich Schönherr. Although he died in 1826, he was the force that in the following decade set the ‘small vortex of turbulence’ awhirl. The son of a grenadier in the Prussian army, Schönherr was set to learn a trade but yearned for higher things. In time, he became a self-made preacher and religious thinker and developed a theory that all of creation sprang from the conjunction of two primal, egg-shaped entities, one composed of light, the other of water.

more here.

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Sunday, September 7, 2025

Donald Trump Wants to Remake the Global Financial System

An interview with Mona Ali in Jacobin:

John-Baptiste Oduor: Donald Trump’s push for the firing of Federal Reserve Board of Governors member Lisa Cook has led many to worry that this might be a precursor to a more direct attack on central bank independence. Could you explain what the origin of central bank independence is and what the arguments for it are?

Mona Ali: In a quotidian sense, central bank independence refers to the ability of central bankers to make decisions regarding monetary policy without political interference. As Jerome Powell, chair of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, likes to emphasize: Fed decisions are solely “data-driven.” Independence implies impartiality. A couple years ago, a member of the Fed’s board of governors earnestly explained to an audience of central banking experts that the Fed’s apolitical stance meant that “we don’t talk about politics; we don’t discuss politics.” The same Fed official then went on to emphasize the Fed’s “complete freedom of operation” in conducting monetary policy.The first attribute (independence from politics) supposedly legitimizes the second (immense power). The Fed isn’t a democratic institution. It is an independent agency. Its board members aren’t elected officials and, in that sense, not accountable to the public. Governor Cook and her colleagues are presidential appointees confirmed by the US Senate. Their terms of service — fourteen years — are shorter only than those of federal and Supreme Court judges.

The Federal Reserve Act describes that the mandate of the board and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC, the body that decides the federal funds rate) is to make decisions to uphold the “long-run growth” of money and credit in ways that are aligned with the “long-run potential” of the macroeconomy — to advance maximum employment, price stability, and “moderate long-term interest rates.” The repetition of the phrase “long-run” may seem curious but in emphasizing the long-run horizon, Fed policymakers aim to send the message that they are not swayed by the electoral cycle.

More here.

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Sympathy for the Devil: Faust, the ’60s, and the Tragedy of Development

Marshall Berman in Dissent:

Modern bourgeois society . . . a society that has conjured up such gigantic means of production and exchange, is like the sorcerer who is no longer able to control the powers of the nether world that he has called up by his spells.

—Marx and Engels, The Communist Manifesto, 1848

Why is there always trouble when we sing this song?

—Mick Jagger, while singing “Sympathy for the Devil” at Altamont in 1969

A Trip to the Underworld

I can remember very vividly the time when the tragedy of Doctor Faust became real for me. It started the day before the great march on the Pentagon, when I ran into an old teacher of mine on upper Broadway. It was a lovely Indian summer day, and we stopped in front of the West End Bar for a dialectical chat. I was 26, just out of graduate school with a newly minted Ph.D., immersed in my first teaching job, finally out in the world and on my own, “a grown-up” at last. And yet, even as I felt newly grown, I was also enjoying a new youthfulness, for it was the annus mirabilis of 1967, and I was wonderfully drunk on the spirit of the times. As my big red flowery tie flapped in the wind, and my newly long hair blew back in my face, and all the wildlife of Broadway streamed around me, I felt happier than ever to be alive. My old teacher asked me how I liked being a professor; I said that while I loved teaching I didn’t take very well to the professorial role, but identified myself far more closely with “the kids”; he shook his head, smiled his famous ironic smile, said, “Oh, dear,” and we were off—off on one of those generational arguments about what “the kids” were up to, where they were leading our country and our culture, where it would all end. Who doesn’t remember those arguments? We can already feel nostalgia for them; they were the real sound of the ’60s.

More here.

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China’s Independent Media

Li Jun in The Ideas Letter:

Before Russia invaded Ukraine in early 2022, Nana (a pseudonym), a Chinese woman with an office job in Europe, was a happy twentysomething, content to lead a quiet life. She liked to travel and do her friends’ makeup. She had no interest in becoming an online influencer. Her Instagram page was set to private mode, and she shared selfies only with people she knew. Her account on Weibo, a Chinese X-like platform, had 30 followers.

The pro-war stance of her Chinese friends led Nana to sympathize with Ukraine, a country she had once visited, and aggressive pro-Russia propaganda on Chinese social media annoyed her. She began translating videos and articles about the situation in Ukraine to share on Weibo—a decision that changed her life.

Two years later, her followers had grown to over 200,000. By then, she had rallied supporters to fund the supply of drones for Ukrainian forces: Pro-Ukraine bloggers in China dubbed that plan “Roast Goose” (the words “goose” and “Russia” sound similar in Chinese). Using donations from fans and other Chinese people who sought her out, she delivered more than 400 drones to the Ukrainian military over three years. In May 2024, during the visit of President Vladimir Putin of Russia to China, her account was taken down.

In times of crisis, some people are willing to pay a higher price to seek out accurate information and fight censorship. And censorship also often fails then. Russia’s full-on attack of Ukraine in early 2022 was one such moment for liberal Chinese citizens like Nana. After the war broke out, mainstream Chinese social media, especially short-video platforms, overwhelmingly pushed Russia’s militant nationalism. Many Chinese interpreted this as signaling a potential shift in national priorities: away from the traditional focus on what the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party call “peace and development” toward the pursuit of unification with Taiwan by force. But pro-Ukraine and pro-West liberal bloggers such as Nana also emerged then.

More here.

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