Zig and Zag: The surprising origins and politics of equality

Samuel Moyn in The Nation:

In the chilling speech he gives at the end of the film Margin Call, Jeremy Irons says that no one should say they believe in equality, because no one really thinks it exists: The very idea camouflages the endurance of hierarchy in an essentially unchanging form. “It’s certainly no different today than it’s ever been,” he explains to an underling. “There have always been and there always will be the same percentage of winners and losers….

Yeah, there may be more of us than there’s ever been, but the percentages? They stay exactly the same.”

For many others, the response to the 2008 financial crisis was very different from Irons’s cynical response. The crisis led to more consciousness and criticism of inequality than had been seen in the past 50 years. Starting with Occupy Wall Street in 2011, large numbers of Americans concerned about the ascendancy of the “1 percent” eventually consolidated around Bernie Sanders’s presidential campaigns in 2016 and 2020. During these years, the French economist Thomas Piketty provided the reading public with evidence that vindicated the movement: In Capital in the Twenty-First Century, published in English in 2014, he confirmed that economic inequality had been rising across the North Atlantic world. Piketty also showed that the situation was simultaneously worse and better than the way Irons had characterized it in Margin Call: Capitalism’s inherent dynamics generally increased inequality, he argued, but political mobilizations could bring about its reduction.

More here.

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Zadie Smith is ruthless about getting rid of books

Sophia Nguyen in The Washington Post:

Zadie Smith did not understand why anyone would be interested in her bookshelves.

“I think the problem is, I feel like interiors and books are used as a kind of social and political capital, meant to express something about you. But I just don’t have time,” she said. “I’m aware, when I go to certain writers’ studies, they’re beautiful and everything is perfect. That kind of energy, I can only put into writing.”

Smith; her husband, the poet and novelist Nick Laird; and their children moved to north London in 2020, and much of their library has yet to be unpacked. “Every box you open, it’s like — ah, well, here we are, a pile of books for babies. And I don’t have babies anymore.” Generally, aside from the art books and graphic novels and other volumes still in storage, she is unsparing about the books that circulate in the house, which arrive by the dozens in the mail. “The annoying thing is that some of my favorite new books, I read them and then I put them out again. There’s been a lot of good debuts recently, but they come and go.”

More here.

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Friday, September 27, 2024

The Double-Agent War Hero Who Helped Japan Attack Pearl Harbor

Francis P Sempa in the Asian Review of Books:

Frederick Rutland

Tokyo-based American author Ronald Drabkin has written a riveting, fast-paced account of a Beverly Hills-based spy who engaged in intelligence collection for Japan and provided the Japanese Navy with naval aviation technical expertise before Japan’s attack on American ships, planes and forces at Pearl Harbor. Frederick Rutland was a British naval hero in the First World War, worked for the Japanese Navy in the years between the wars, and had connections to American intelligence agencies in the lead-up to Pearl Harbor. Months before the attack at Pearl Harbor, Rutland offered his services to the United States and Britain when he sensed that a surprise Japanese attack was in the offing. After Pearl Harbor was attacked, Rutland was interned in a British prison and later on the remote Isle of Man as an enemy spy. A few years after the war, then living in Wales, Rutland either committed suicide or was murdered; Drabkin isn’t sure which.

More here.

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Is Spacetime Unraveling?

Peter Woit at Not Even Wrong:

One lesson of the development of our best fundamental theory is that the new ideas that went into it were much the same ideas that mathematicians had been discovering as they worked at things from an independent direction. Our currently fundamental classical notion of spacetime is based on Riemannian geometry, which mathematicians first discovered decades before physicists found out the significance for physics of this geometry. If the new idea is that the concept of a “space” needs to be replaced by something deeper, mathematicians have by now a long history of investigating more and more sophisticated ways of thinking about what a “space” is. That theorists are on the road to a better replacement for “space” would be more plausible if they were going down one of the directions mathematicians have found fruitful, but I don’t see that happening at all.

To get more specific, the basic mathematical constructions that go into the Standard Model (connections, curvature, spinors, the Dirac operator, quantization) involve some of the deepest and most powerful concepts in modern mathematics. Progress should more likely come from a deeper understanding of these than from throwing them all out and starting with crude arguments about holograms, tensor networks, or some such.

More here.

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Want to End Poverty? Focus on One Thing.

Rajiv Shah in the New York Times:

The data shows that trying to make modest improvements on all issues is not working. It is only diffusing already thin resources.

As world leaders gather this week for the United Nations General Assembly they should reimagine their approach. In today’s digital world, nothing matters more to individual well-being than energy: Access to electricity determines fundamental aspects of individuals’ lives, like whether they are healthy or have a job.

Instead of treating electrification as one of many goals, it’s time to see it is essential to all of them. And that means the world needs to focus investment and effort on getting reliable, clean electricity to the nearly 700 million people who don’t have any — and the 3.1 billion more who don’t have enough.

More here.

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How Hyperpop Became a Force

Emma Madden at Billboard:

Canonized by a team of Spotify editors, including Lizzy Szabo in the summer of 2019, ‘Hyperpop’ was a term taken from Szabo’s data science colleague Glenn McDonald, in an attempt to contextualize the growing traction surrounding an internet infected duo named 100 gecs, and the scene of like minded musicians who seemed to be forming around them. Artists operating under the Hyperpop rubric — from established stars like Charli XCX to Gen Z newcomers like osquinn and ericdoa — have concurrently played a hand in boosting it from a niche internet scene to a viral talking point, having received unexpected cosigns from the likes of YouTuber pewpiedie and and EDM superproducer Skrillex. Practitioners seek to accelerate and exaggerate pop music to the point of abrasion and absurdity. And while no formal genre conventions truly exist across its spectrum — much like Spotify’s playlist, Hyperpop is scene-led rather than genre-led — a prototypical song will usually sound like the meeting point between experimental sound design and EDM influenced pop from the 2010s.

Unlike punk, emo, grunge, psychobilly, this niche that’s been called “Hyperpop” for at least the past year and a half is keen to reach the mainstream, albeit through experimental means.

more here.

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Friday Poem

All the Carefully Measured Seconds

Back then I still believed it was possible
to prevent certain things, until that hot afternoon.
It was the middle of grain harvest, August of ’54,
when Fred climbed down from his stalled combine
and took off to Montrose to buy a part.
Later I realized that the part was a ruse of fate, like
something made up to get someone to a surprise party.
So many times I reran those last hours,
adding or subtracting a few seconds here or there.
Lingering a moment in the field, he could have
noticed the grain shiver as a cloud passed by,
he could have paused by the barn to admire the blue
and lavender flecks adorning the pigeon’s throats,
he could have stopped by the house to finger
the soft leaves of the African violets
on the sill, he could have slipped his arm
around Ella’s waist as she stood at the sink,
her hands in the dishwater.
But, he swatted the grain dust from his overalls
and climbed into his green Buick to keep
his appointment on Highway 38. Even then,
it was not too late. He could have floored
the car just this once, he could have let
the wind rush in, raising his sparse strands
of matted hair to dance in the breeze.

When I saw Fred’s car again, it looked as if
it had been punched by the fist of some god
though surely not the same one who keeps
the earth spinning, the sun and moon rising,
passion ascending to fuse new life,
the rose unfolding with tenderness,
the worm tilling the orchard floor,
all the carefully measured seconds
adding up exactly to us.

by Josephine Redlin
from
Ploughshares- Spring 1995

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Sophie Is Gone. Her Music Lives On

Jia Tolentino at The New Yorker:

In 2013, a mysterious producer named Sophie released “Bipp,” a minimalist club track that sounded like it had been formed on another planet and squeezed through hyperdrive before arriving on ours. “Bipp” was black space latticed with radically strange objects: a rubbery squelch of a bass beat, a melodic line like a laser coated in latex, percussive punctuation marks that seemed to morph from plasma into steel. Sophie continued releasing singles, each one accompanied by a 3-D rendering of a ladderless slide. The objects looked the way the songs sounded, like uncanny candy—slick, chemical, jaw-breakingly hard.

At the time, not much was known about Sophie. She was associated with the collective PC Music, which specialized in the aggressively, gleefully synthetic. With the producer A. G. Cook, Sophie put out a catchy PC Music single called “Hey QT,” a promotional jingle for a fake energy drink, QT, which, in 2015, was distributed to concert attendees in a stunt at SXSW. This micro-era was a peak of absurd corporate branding in music—for the past few years, SXSW artists had performed inside a giant vending machine sponsored by Doritos.

more here.

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Thursday, September 26, 2024

The surprising origins and politics of equality

Samuel Moyn in The Nation:

In the chilling speech he gives at the end of the film Margin Call, Jeremy Irons says that no one should say they believe in equality, because no one really thinks it exists: The very idea camouflages the endurance of hierarchy in an essentially unchanging form. “It’s certainly no different today than it’s ever been,” he explains to an underling. “There have always been and there always will be the same percentage of winners and losers….Yeah, there may be more of us than there’s ever been, but the percentages? They stay exactly the same.”

For many others, the response to the 2008 financial crisis was very different from Irons’s cynical response. The crisis led to more consciousness and criticism of inequality than had been seen in the past 50 years. Starting with Occupy Wall Street in 2011, large numbers of Americans concerned about the ascendancy of the “1 percent” eventually consolidated around Bernie Sanders’s presidential campaigns in 2016 and 2020. During these years, the French economist Thomas Piketty provided the reading public with evidence that vindicated the movement: In Capital in the Twenty-First Century, published in English in 2014, he confirmed that economic inequality had been rising across the North Atlantic world.

More here.

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Diet-related diseases are the No. 1 cause of death in the US – yet many doctors receive little to no nutrition education in med school

Nathaniel Johnson and Madeline Comeau in The Conversation:

Both of us understand the powerful effects that food has on your health and longevity. A poor diet may lead to cardiovascular diseasediabetesobesity and even psychological conditions like depression and anxiety. Diet-related diseases are the leading causes of death in the U.S., and a poor diet is responsible for more deaths than smoking.

These health problems are not only common and debilitating, but expensive. Treating high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol costs about US$400 billion per year. Within 25 years, those costs are expected to triple, to $1.3 trillion.

These facts support the need for physicians to give accurate advice about diet to help prevent these diseases. But how much does a typical physician know about nutrition?

More here.

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The Problem with Effective Altruism

Yascha Mounk at his Substack:

People volunteer at organizations that fail to advance the causes to which they are supposedly devoted. They donate to their local cat shelter even though there are already enough organizations caring for stray pets in their affluent neighborhood. They buy their alma mater a fancy new gym even though the campus already has state-of-the-art facilities.

This is all the more galling because the same amount of money could make a vastly bigger difference if directed to more productive purposes. In America or Germany or Chile or South Korea, even a citizen with a perfectly ordinary job could, if they regularly donate a modest share of their income to a charity which provides people in malaria-infested regions with mosquito nets or distributes anti-parasite medications to people in worm-infested regions, save a human life. According to some calculations, the most effective charities take as little as $3500 to do so.

The upshot, effective altruists argue, is simple: If each of us can save a human life with limited effort or generosity, it is grossly unethical for us to fail to do so. And if we do decide to engage in altruistic activities, we should do so in effective ways. Why spend a ton of money on some pet cause when that same sum could make a vastly bigger difference in improving human welfare?

More here.

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Thursday Poem

Someone, Anonymous

Someone, anonymous, brought me
daffodils, slogged up through
snow and mud on foot—impossible
by car—to bring me these
left on the table in a little vase,
a special one, they took the trouble
to pull down from the highest shelf.

Six daffodils, with feathered greens.
Someone, anonymous, knows
I grieve.

by Molly Scott
from, Up to the Windy Gate
Finishing Line Press, Georgetown Kentucky. 2015

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The Reinvention of J.D. Vance

Eric Cortellessa in Time Magazine:

J.D. Vance looks annoyed. It’s a Tuesday afternoon in August, and we’re sitting near the front of his campaign plane, flying from a rally in Michigan to a fundraiser in Tennessee. Across the aisle is his mother Bev, whose role in Vance’s traumatic and disruptive childhood he chronicled in his best-selling memoir, Hillbilly Elegy. As flight attendants serve Chick-fil-A, Vance gripes about the ongoing controversy over his three-year-old comments complaining that the U.S. is being run by Democrats, corporate oligarchs, and “childless cat ladies” who “don’t really have a direct stake” in the country’s future. As with his boss, Vance’s instincts are to punch back. “I think it’s a ­ridiculous thing to focus on,” he says, “instead of the underlying argument I was trying to make.”

More here.

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Why do obesity drugs seem to treat so many other ailments?

Mariana Lenharo in Nature:

There’s a bar in Baltimore, Maryland, that very few people get to enter. It has a cocktail station, beer taps and shelves stacked with spirits. But only scientists or drug-trial volunteers ever visit, because this bar is actually a research laboratory. Here, in a small room at the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), scientists are harnessing the taproom ambience to study whether blockbuster anti-obesity drugs might also curb alcohol cravings.

Evidence is mounting that they could. Animal studies and analyses of electronic health records suggest that the latest wave of weight-loss drugs — known as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists — cut many kinds of craving or addiction, from alcohol to tobacco use. “We need randomized clinical trials as the next step,” says Lorenzo Leggio, an addiction researcher at the NIH in Baltimore. In the trial he is leading, volunteers sit at the bar and get to see, smell and hold their favourite drinks, while going through tests such as questions about their cravings; separately, participants will have their brains scanned while looking at pictures of alcohol. Some will be given the weight-loss drug semaglutide (marketed as Wegovy) and others will get a placebo.

More here.

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