Moral relativism has nothing to do with tolerance

Matt Lutz at Humean Being:

My academic work is mostly in the field of metaethics, which is the area of philosophy that investigates the nature of morality. It’s a rather abstract subject, but one that almost everyone has views about, however inchoate. When I try to explain to someone what metaethics is about, I’ll usually say something like, “I study questions like whether or not morality is relative.” This usually gets people on the right page, because everyone has heard of the idea of moral relativism, and everyone has opinions about it. It’s not a particularly popular view! Indeed, the term ‘moral relativism’ is often used as a kind of epithet or term of abuse. (As in, “What kind of stupid moral relativism is this?”) People don’t like moral relativism because they equate it with a kind of unthinking non-judgmentalism or radical tolerance. “That’s what I think, but they think differently, and who am I to judge?” But that’s not what moral relativism is.

More here.

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The Lubitsch Touch

David Hudson at The Current:

The 2026 version of The Lubitsch Touch isn’t quite as expansive as the one New York’s Film Forum presented in 2017, but it is certainly just as welcome. Writing in the Village Voice nine years ago, Farran Smith Nehme noted that “the Lubitsch touch” was “the brainchild of a go-getter in the Warner Bros. publicity department named Hal Wallis, when Ernst Lubitsch was under contract at the studio in the 1920s. Thus did future producer Wallis invent one of the few PR slogans ever to be turned by critics into a philosophical debate, to be defined and redefined ever since. On the simplest level, I’d agree with Armond White that the touch was sophistication. You may favor a mistier, more metaphysical definition,” but “we all know the touch when we see it.”

“The phrase hovers over the filmmaker like a halo,” wrote Siri Hustvedt in her 2019 essay on Lubitsch’s final completed feature, Cluny Brown (1947). “It appears to be a quality of visual and verbal grace that cannot be reduced to any particular aspect of production. As far as I can tell, no writer has mentioned that, whatever it means, it summons the tactile sense, what is never present for any moviegoer except by imagination. Lubitsch loved to evoke that missing sensual element by suggestion—especially the play and pleasure of human sexuality.”
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Chuck Close and Pulp

Benjamin Clifford at the Brooklyn Rail:

Take Self-Portrait (Rigid) (1982), one of the most straightforward examples of what Close is up to. In this work, the bearded and bespectacled face of the artist, familiar from his paintings, is assembled as an orderly array of handmade paper chicklets, small squares in twenty-four shades of gray that Close has marshalled into a pixelated image. Close’s characteristic grid structure maps the material surface of the image’s support, marking the lines of division between individual image units: inexpressive squares of pulp paper that measure out the surface of the page one cell at a time. But in many of Close’s later paintings that make the geometric structure of their composition visible, the grid also serves as a kind of screen to look through onto a pictorial space that, although shallow, is certainly volumetric and illusive. One cannot help but think of Leon Battista Alberti’s famous veil: the gridded scrim the painter interposed between his eye and his subject as a means of regimenting the perception of space. Remnants of this optical experience remain in the pulp paper works, even those as decisively material- and surface-oriented as Self-Portrait (Rigid).

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Mini models of the human brain are revealing how this complex organ takes shape

Alison Abbott in Nature:

The development of the human brain, with its extraordinary range of cognitive abilities, is an awe-inspiring feat of evolution. Each of its tens of billions of cells must be born at precisely the right time, migrate to the correct locations, differentiate into as many as 3,000 distinct cell types, and form exquisitely specific synaptic connections with one another. Most of this happens before birth, but development continues for nearly three more decades.

None of this is easy to study. Conventionally, scientists have relied on animal models and scarce human brain tissue. But the advent of tiny laboratory-grown models of human brains called organoids has transformed their options.

More here.

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Wednesday Poem

Dear March—Come in

Dear March—Come in—
How glad I am—
I hoped for you before—
Put down your Hat—
You must have walked—
How out of Breath you are—
Dear March, how are you, and the Rest—
Did you leave Nature well—
Oh March, Come right upstairs with me—
I have so much to tell—

I got your Letter, and the Birds—
The Maples never knew that you were coming—
I declare – how Red their Faces grew—
But March, forgive me—
And all those Hills you left for me to Hue—
There was no Purple suitable—
You took it all with you—

Who knocks? That April—
Lock the Door—
I will not be pursued—
He stayed away a Year to call
When I am occupied—
But trifles look so trivial
As soon as you have come

That blame is just as dear as Praise
And Praise as mere as Blame—

by Emily Dickinson

 

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Tuesday, April 7, 2026

What’s in a Name? A livelihood, if that name is Banksy

Leann Davis Alspaugh at Acroteria:

The artist known as Banksy has made a fortune in graffiti and irony and ironic graffiti. No, he’s not the guy—we now know that Banksy is a middle-aged Englishman named Robin Gunningham—who taped a banana to the wall with silver duct tape. (Maurizio Cattelan sold Comedian at a Sotheby’s auction in 2024 for $6.2 million.) Nor is he responsible for the pair of glasses left on the floor of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, a stunt that the museum took in stride as a Marcel Duchamp-style prank. (The culprits were 17-year olds who in the spirit of “I could have made that” passed off the glasses as art.) Or the two men who, just weeks after the October 2025 Louvre heist, smuggled a fake painting into the museum, a portrait of the two “artists” in Renaissance garb in a frame made of Legos, and hung it on a gallery wall. They filmed themselves and the stunt, of course, went viral.

This kind of sophomoric nonsense makes Banksy’s work seem downright profound. Perhaps his most infamous work was “Love Is in the Bin,” a framed painting from 2006 of a girl with a heart-shaped balloon.

More here.

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Dawkins’s paradox: dissecting the body’s battle to keep selfish genes in check

C. Brandon Ogbunugafor in Nature:

Some thirty-five years ago, biologist Richard Dawkins coined the phrase “paradox of the organism” to encapsulate a conundrum. If genes are ‘selfish’ — driven to increase their own chances of being transmitted to the next generation — some of them might act in ways that harm the organism as a whole.

For example, sections of DNA can ‘jump’ to different parts of the genome, copying themselves into other locations and, thus, shuffling genetic material. Such ‘jumping genes’ constitute nearly half of the human genome and are crucial for driving evolution and increasing genetic diversity. But they can also cause harmful mutations, and even cancer, when their insertion disrupts key genes that regulate cell growth.

In The Paradox of the Organism, leading evolutionary theorists and philosophers explore such conflicts in a series of essays. They consider how a body made of myriad competing constituents can function as a coherent system, finely tuned towards one goal: maximizing the chances of surviving and reproducing.

More here.

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Are criminals born or made?

Sophie McBain in The Guardian:

In 2021, the psychologist and writer Kathryn Paige Harden co-authored a paper outlining her research into the genetic patterns linked to a higher risk of developing substance abuse problems or engaging in risk-taking behaviour, such as having unprotected sex or committing crime. The paper referred to the genetics of “traits related to self-regulation and addiction”, but Harden thought of herself as studying the genetics of sin.

Harden is a professor at the University of Texas and the author of a previous book, The Genetic Lotteryon how our knowledge of genetics should shape our views on meritocracy. She once received a letter from a man who has been in prison since he was 16 for kidnapping and sexually assaulting a woman. “What would drive a boy to do such a thing?” he asked her. Her new book is a heartfelt, subtly argued response to his question, an attempt to outline how our expanding knowledge of what makes people do bad things – the interplay of our inherited tendencies and our life circumstances – should influence how we assign moral responsibility and blame.

More here.

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Virginia Woolf’s Juvenilia

Ruby Eastwood at the Dublin Review of Books:

The Life of Violet brings together three interconnected short stories written by Woolf in 1907, at the age of twenty-five. They show her beginning to think about something she would return to throughout her career: how to tell the story of a woman’s life. Together, the stories form a spirited, lively mock-biography of her friend Violet Dickinson, a woman famous and beloved in Woolf’s aristocratic circles for her height (6ft 2in) and the humour and kindness she lavished on her friends. She was, from all documentary evidence, a remarkably nice woman, whom Woolf was infatuated with for a time.

The first story, ‘Friendships Gallery’, is a wry, fantastical potted biography, beginning with the birth of Violet, ‘the Giantess’, into a conventional Christian household. It traces her unstoppable growth into young womanhood, culminating in her first dance – though before she goes, her pious aunt issues a cautionary reminder: ‘You are neither beautiful nor wealthy, nor, for anything I can see, in any way attractive; God in his infinite goodness has caused you to grow at least six inches higher than you should grow, and if you are not to be a Maypole of Derision you must see to it that you are a Beacon of Godliness.’

more here.

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Ben Lerner’s Transcription and the Literary Readymade

Gemma Sieff at Artforum:

Transcription is a work of art for a new age of mechanical reproduction, a meditation on imperfect facsimile. Its cover features an embossed finger- and thumb-printed brick with rounded corners, in my judgment an iPhone-shaped Rosetta stone as satisfyingly tactile as braille. It signals the degree to which the novel is preoccupied with the absolute centricity of the smartphone in contemporary life, as a crutch, an addiction, a lifeline, a miracle . . . whatever is the opposite of a vestigial limb.

The book is organized as a triptych, each section set in a different city and centered around some kind of face-off. “Hotel Providence” sees the unnamed Lerner stand-in traveling to Rhode Island by Amtrak, to interview his ninety-year-old mentor Thomas, “among the world’s most renowned thinkers about art and technology.” Masked up, the narrator sits in one of those backward seats that are “facing the past,” as his ten-year-old daughter Eva refers to them. She, we learn, has been refusing to go to school; her “best friend has kind of left her for another girl,” the narrator will later explain to Thomas, or maybe she is protesting “the disasters of the world. Everything with Covid. The sky orange with Canadian wildfire smoke. There was that day of floods, we were almost swept away on the expressway. There is the war—the wars . . . ”

more here.

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Great Writers “Tell” All the Time

Freddie deBoer in FdB:

“Show, don’t tell” is among the most repeated piece of writing advice in the English language, up there with hatred for the passive voices, disdain for adverbs, and endorsements of George Orwell’s dusty old essay full of maxims that probably made sense in 1946. It’s a mantra drilled into MFA workshop participants, stamped into the margins of manuscripts, and recited by well-meaning teachers from middle school to graduate seminars. And in its dogmatic form, it could be used to pathologize some of the greatest prose ever written. Like a lot of writing advice, “show, don’t tell” has a legitimate kernel of truth; like almost all writing advice, I think its actual utility for inexperienced writers is near zero.

More here.

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Can We Disagree Better? A Harvard Professor Has Tips.

Olivia Farrar in Harvard Magazine:

1. What’s the most common mistake we make when we disagree?

Trying to win. We go in wanting to persuade the other person they’re wrong and we’re right. That usually backfires. Often, what is underneath is a phenomenon psychologists call “naive realism:” we assume our view of the world is basically correct and objective, and we don’t notice how much our background, incentives, and mood shape what we see. So when someone disagrees, we don’t think, “I might be missing something.” We think something’s wrong with them.

2. What practical shifts would make others more receptive to opposing views?

First, say out loud that you want to learn. Don’t assume people can tell you’re curious. Use clear phrases like, “That’s how I see it, but I’d like to understand other perspectives.” The research shows that even a couple of sentences like this—without changing your actual argument—makes the other side see you as more reasonable, trustworthy, and worth talking to again. Second, use the H.E.A.R. framework when you make your case: hedge your claims (“most of the time,” “in many cases”); emphasize where you agree; acknowledge their view before you disagree; and reframe to the positive (fewer “don’t,” “can’t,” “never” and more “I’d appreciate,” “what would help”). You’re not changing your position, but you’re showing that you are leaving some mental space for their arguments. And receptiveness in language tends to be reciprocated.

In experiments, people who get brief training in [the H.E.A.R framework] are rated by disagreeing counterparts as more trustworthy, objective, and desirable as teammates, even on very divisive topics…Teaching people what to say works better than only urging them to be more empathetic or humble, because it gives them concrete moves they can use in the moment.

More here.

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Tuesday Poem

Man the Toolmaker

Man the toolmaker, tooluser,
son of the burning quests
fixed with roaming forearms,
hands attached to the forearms,
fingers put on those hands,
a thumb to face any finger—
hands cunning with knives, leather, wood,
        hands for twisting, weaving, shaping—
Man the flint grinder, iron and bronze welder,
        smoothing mud into hut walls,
        smoothing reinforced concrete into
        bridges, breakwaters, office buildings—
two hands projected into vast claws, giant hammers,
        into diggers, haulers, lifters.
The clamps of the big steam shovel? Man’s two hands:
the motor hurling man into high air? man’s two hands:
        the screws of his skulled head
        joining the screws of his hands,
pink convolutions transmitting to white knuckles
        waves, signals, buttons, sparks—
        man with hands for loving and strangling,
        man with the open palm of living handshakes,
man with the closed nails of the fist of combat—
        these hands of man—where to? what next?

by Carl Sandburg
From Harvest Poems— 1910-1960
Harcourt Brace, 1960

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Monday, April 6, 2026

The April Fool’s Vaccine — Why We Need to Be Fooled

Oscar Rey de Castro at The Crossover Project:

Every April 1st, the world agrees to lie to each other. Not the dangerous kind — not the kind that topples governments or breaks marriages. The small kind. The kind that makes you check if your coffee is actually salt. The kind that makes a grown adult Google “did NASA really discover a second moon” before breakfast.

And every year, someone falls for it.

That person feels a flash of something familiar. Embarrassment, maybe. A sting. A quick inventory: How did I not see that coming? Then — usually — laughter. The room laughs with them, not at them. And something shifts. Not dramatically. Not consciously. But something in the architecture of trust recalibrates.

What if that recalibration is the whole point?

More here.

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New Advances Bring the Era of Quantum Computers Closer Than Ever

Charlie Wood in Quanta:

Some 30 years ago, the mathematician Peter Shor(opens a new tab) took a niche physics project — the dream of building a computer based on the counterintuitive rules of quantum mechanics — and shook the world.

Shor worked out a way for quantum computers to swiftly solve a couple of math problems that classical computers could complete only after many billions of years. Those two math problems happened to be the ones that secured the then-emerging digital world. The trustworthiness of nearly every website, inbox, and bank account rests on the assumption that these two problems are impossible to solve. Shor’s algorithm proved that assumption wrong.

For 30 years, Shor’s algorithm has been a security threat in theory only. Physicists initially estimated that they would need a colossal quantum machine with billions of qubits — the elements used in quantum calculations — to run it. That estimate has come down drastically over the years, falling recently to a million qubits. But it has still always sat comfortably beyond the modest capabilities of existing quantum computers, which typically have just hundreds of qubits.

However, two different groups of researchers have just announced advances that notably reduce the gap between theoretical estimates and real machines.

More here.

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