Review of “A Short History of Stupidity” by Stuart Jeffries

Sam Leith in The Guardian:

In this clever book, Stuart Jeffries starts out at a double disadvantage, though. First: he has an excellently snappy title but it’s open to question whether stupidity can be said to have a history in any meaningful sense. The quality of stupidity is just, sort of, there; and there’s lots of it. Could you write a history of happiness, or bad luck, or knees? You’d be on firmer ground, as he recognises, historicising the concept of stupidity: a short history, in other words, of “stupidity” – how successive societies and thinkers have defined and responded to reason’s derr-brained secret sharer. As an intellectual historian who has written smart and chewy popular books about the Frankfurt School (Grand Hotel Abyss) and postmodernism (Everything, All the Time, Everywhere), he certainly has the chops for it.

But then there’s the second problem: definitions. Is stupidity the same thing as ignorance? As foolishness? As the unwillingness to learn (AKA obtuseness, or what the Greeks called amathia)? As the inability to draw the right conclusions from what you have learned? Is it a quality of person or a quality of action? On and off, in ordinary usage, it’s all of these. It’s a know-it-when-you-see-it (except in yourself) thing.

More here.

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China’s electric vehicle influence expands nearly everywhere – except the US and Canada

Jack Barkenbus in The Conversation:

In 2025, 1 in 4 new automotive vehicle sales globally are expected to be an electric vehicle – either fully electric or a plug-in hybrid.

That is a significant rise from just five years ago, when EV sales amounted to fewer than 1 in 20 new car sales, according to the International Energy Agency, an intergovernmental organization examining energy use around the world.

In the U.S., however, EV sales have lagged, only reaching 1 in 10 in 2024. By contrast, in China, the world’s largest car marketmore than half of all new vehicle sales are electric.

The International Energy Agency has reported that two-thirds of fully electric cars in China are now cheaper to buy than their gasoline equivalents. With operating and maintenance costs already cheaper than gasoline models, EVs are attractive purchases.

Most EVs purchased in China are made there as well, by a range of different companies. NIO, Xpeng, Xiaomi, Zeekr, Geely, Chery, Great Wall Motor, Leapmotor and especially BYD are household names in China. As someone who has followed and published on the topic of EVs for over 15 years, I expect they will soon become as widely known in the rest of the world.

More here.

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Moral Progress Is Hidden in Plain Sight

Camille Miner at Human Progress:

Every generation thinks it’s witnessing humanity’s moral collapse. New York Times columnist David Brooks claims that “we inhabit a society in which people are no longer trained in how to treat others with kindness and consideration.” But are these timeless claims now true? This time, are we really living in the most immoral era?

Moral panic and pessimism appear to be largely illusory. In a study conducted by psychologists Adam Mastroianni and Daniel Gilbert of Harvard University, they found that every generation perceives moral decline. By consolidating survey data covering 235 questions about morality over a 70-year period, and with more than 12 million participants, Mastroianni and Gilbert found that people collectively believed that their generation and successive generations are morally declining compared to previous ones.

But here’s the paradox: When people rated those close to them (neighbors, coworkers, friends, and family), the perception of moral decline disappeared. In some cases, they viewed people they knew as more moral than the population at large. Thus, people hold inconsistent beliefs: Everyone is becoming more selfish, rude, and dishonest—except the people they know best.

More here.

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A General Air of Anxiety

Joan Scott in Boston 50 Review:

“The personal is the political” was a reality for me long before it became the mantra of Second Wave feminism in the United States. In 1951, when I was ten years old, my father, Samuel Wallach, a New York City high school teacher, was suspended from his job for refusing to cooperate with an investigation into communism in the public schools. He was fired for insubordination two years later—one of some 350 teachers who were fired or resigned in those years.

The history of my family was deeply affected by that event. I learned early about the intrusive operations of state power in the daily routines of domestic life: there were unexpected visits from the FBI, subpoenas served, telephones tapped, subversive books wrapped in brown paper and stuffed in the back of closets, hushed conversations (in Yiddish, the household language of secrecy) between my parents. On the day of my father’s firing, when he called to report the news, I overheard my mother “congratulate” him in an ironic tone, her voice catching, tears in her eyes. I understood, in the way children do, the complexity of her response, without fully grasping the details. For years, we all breathed a general air of anxiety.

More here.

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Trump Is Only a Symptom: The crisis that America can’t change at the ballot box

Rana Dasgupta in The Yale Review:

During these first nine months of Trump’s second presidency, the question of his personal psychology has dominated the media to a level unprecedented in American political analysis. His need for flattery, his vindictiveness, his compulsion to lie, his worship of money, his misogyny—only through such intimacies, apparently, can we understand the policies of the capitalist superpower under its forty-seventh president.

It is easy to see where the obsession with personality comes from. Since Trump makes such extensive use of the executive order and ignores institutional custom, there is little to constrain his psyche, which therefore, the argument goes, becomes the central political question. But it is too convenient to imagine that America’s present upheaval springs from one man’s head. It is also the result of a deeper process, of which Trump is merely a symptom: the ongoing transformation of the American state.

More here.

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Thursday Poem

Hindsight

That feeling came, when you know
you’re doing something wrong.
Even if it’s blessed.
Even if it’s approved, especially when
it’s what you’ve done for so long.
A comet in ten shades of fire
seared your quiet morning sky.
The unblinking sun blinked.
Birds, crickets, every chirping being
in a wide circle around you held a breath.
Held another, waiting …
The flame of your heart
gathered to a perfect burning
stillness where you turned
to this imagined, other way.

by Michael Dechane
from Rattle Magazine, 4/16, 2025

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Wednesday, September 10, 2025

Toward A Lexicon For UFOs

Brad East at the Hedgehog Review:

UFOs exist. On that we can all agree. The question is not whether they are but what they are.

The same is true for all numinous experiences, or, better, encounters. People have them. They have always had them. The issue, therefore, is not their reality but the nature of their reality.

In itself, there is nothing odd or extraordinary about the existence of life, including intelligent life, elsewhere in the universe, beyond Earth. From the perch of any other globe, we ourselves would count as “extraplanetary” life. Such a discovery would be, by comparison with the discovery of a new species in the ocean, a difference in degree, not in kind.

What makes reports of encounters with extraterrestrial life—as with religious studies scholar D.W. Pasulka, we’ll place these under the umbrella term “the phenomenon”—feel remarkable, then, is not the bare facts. It’s the social stigma, for starters: Such things are not supposed to happen; believing that they do makes you a quack or some kind of religious fanatic. It’s also the character of the phenomenon. Encounters are never run-of-the-mill. By turns, they effect paralysis, induce lost time, stupefy witnesses, facilitate self-knowledge, or illuminate the mind.

more here.

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The Art of Stan Brackage

Brakhage virtually invented and singularly dominated the characteristic genre of American avant-garde cinema: the crisis film, that lyric articulation of the moods and observations of the filmmaker, following a rhythmical association of images without a predetermined scenario or enacted drama. Since the early ’60s he handpainted on film so elaborately that he brought that way of filmmaking, at least as old as Len Lye’s work in the mid-’30s, to new profundities. It became the predominant process of his filmmaking in the ’90s. Perhaps a quarter of his oeuvre was made without using a camera.

Brakhage could never stop making films. At his poorest, when he couldn’t afford a roll of film, he collected leaves and the wings of dead moths in his in-laws’ house and in a Denver theater where he, his wife Jane, and their three children were living rent free. He sandwiched this organic matter in rhythmic patterns between layers of transparent, sprocketed editing tape to make his gorgeous Mothlight (1963).

more here.

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What brain surgery taught me about the fragile gift of consciousness

Eric Markowitz at Big Think:

I looked at my wife. Her eyes — soulful, brown, impossibly beautiful — met mine. I had looked into them thousands of times before, but in that moment, I wondered: Had I ever really seen them?

The doctors had just delivered the news of a lesion nestled deep in my cerebellum. If it was cancer — and if I survived surgery — I might have three months to live. There was a sliver of hope it was something else. But the odds weren’t kind.

And yet, hours before surgery, with death still in the room, I didn’t feel fear. I felt something quieter. Stranger. I felt connected. To her eyes. To my breath. To the weight of my feet against the floor. To the wind brushing the window. Even to our cat, oblivious, licking her paws in perfect peace.

More here.

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In groundbreaking study, researchers publish brain map showing how decisions are made

Mindy Weisberger at CNN:

Neuroscientists from 22 labs joined forces in an unprecedented international partnership to produce a landmark achievement: a neural map that shows activity across the entire brain during decision-making.

The data, gathered from 139 mice, encompass activity from more than 600,000 neurons in 279 areas of the brain — about 95% of the brain in a mouse. This map is the first to provide a complete picture of what happens across the brain as a decision is made.

“They have created the largest dataset anyone has ever imagined at this scale,” said Dr. Paul W. Glimcher, chair of the department of neuroscience and physiology and director of the Neuroscience Institute at New York University’s Grossman School of Medicine, of the researchers.

In the field of neuroscience, “this is going to go down in history as a major event,” Glimcher, who was not involved in the new research, told CNN.

More here.

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Polytunity: The Future of Development

Yuen Yuen Ang at The Ideas Letter:

Polycrisis is a descriptor that the establishment can agree on without challenging itself. It abstracts the causes of crises, making them appear as natural convergences rather than the systemic outcomes of extractive and exclusionary orders. And it makes the concept appear global when in fact the voices, experiences, and priorities it reflects are overwhelmingly Eurocentric.

The virality of polycrisis reveals something deeper: the enduring power of elite discourse. Even though the term is empty, its followers amplify it—and the echo reinforces paralysis. If leaders remain content with only naming fear, they will consign themselves to irrelevance.

I see things differently. I call this moment a polytunity—a term I coined in 2024 to reframe disruption not as paralysis but as a once-in-a-generation opportunity for deep transformation. Transformation not only of our institutions, but of our ideas, our paradigm, and the way we think.

More here.

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Tumult and Sympathy: The letters of Oliver Sacks

William Chace in Commonweal:

To think today of the late Oliver Sacks, physician and author, is to bring to mind the extraordinary fellow human beings whose defects and gifts, depicted in Sacks’s books and essays, made the world a bit larger and much more interesting: the twin autistic boys who could instantly recall hundred-digit figures; the man who could not identify the person at whom he was staring in the mirror; the sailor for whom the distant past was detailed and vividly clear but for whom the immediate past had no existence; the woman without an awareness that she had been enclosed for sixty years in a body, her own; and, of course, the scores of victims of the 1920s encephalitis epidemic who had been treated with the new L-DOPA drug, and had recovered for a brief period the awareness of living. All these human exceptions peopled the world of medicine that Sacks created for his readers.

More here.

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Do ADHD Brains Look Different? Science Is Starting to Say Yes

Luis Prada in Vice:

ADHD exists in this odd diagnostic liminal space where we know it’s a thing, but it’s hard to definitively pinpoint it in the physical structures of the brain. MRI studies have given us mixed signals over the years. Some say kids with smaller gray matter volumes in their brains are more likely to develop ADHD, while other researchers claim the exact opposite. But a group of Japanese researchers might finally be providing some cold, hard evidence.

A group of researchers led by Chiba University, [publishing their findings in Molecular Psychiatry], provided some clarity using something called the Traveling-Subject method, or TS for short. The idea is that not all MRI machines are created equal. The ones used in hospitals are different than the ones used in research labs. Different calibrations, different kinds of coils, different software, different quirks that only people with tons of experience on a specific machine know how to work around or use to their advantage. When researchers combine data from different sources that all used different MRI machines and all the factors that influence those specific machines’ quirks and nuances, the results get distorted.

More here.

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Wednesday Poem

And Have I Loved You?

And have I loved you long enough by now?
A nod, a touch, our portion is all spent,
but that is what the grudging years allow.

No one can make an everlasting vow
to love, since only meager time is lent.
So, have I loved you long enough by now?

Experience alone does not endow
strong spirit in a mortal element,
but that is all the grudging years allow.

There is no axiom to teach us how
to bear the mystery of slow descent.
Can I have loved you long enough by now?

Only the trembling hand, the withered brow
remain to show us where the music went,
but that is all the grudging years allow.

In spite of everything, then, let us bow,
begin the dance, defying precedent,
for I have loved you long and long by now,
no matter what the grudging years allow.

by Conrad Geller
from Rattle #43, Spring 2014

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Tuesday, September 9, 2025

The War on Artificial Ice

Louis Anslow at Pessimists Archive:

Artificial meat is under attack: US states like Montana, Mississippi and Alabama have banned it – taking the lead from Florida who outlawed it in 2024. The irony? 180 years ago the sunshine state would pioneer another artificially produced product that was traditionally harvested from nature: ICE

In 1851 physician and Florida resident Dr. John Gorrie was granted a patent for an ice making process – after years of experimenting with artificial cooling methods for medical purposes. This would be the genesis of modern refrigeration systems we all enjoy today.

The notion of ‘manufacturing’ ice through an industrial process likely felt similarly strange as lab grown meat feels today. A product of a natural process suddenly produced through scientific wizardry.

In 1847 Gorrie would astonish guests at an event in Florida by serving wine cooled with artificial ice in the middle of summer – when ice was often scarce. Some scoffed at the notion – with The New York Daily Globe reportedly saying that same year: “There is a Dr. Gorrie, a crank, down in Florida, who thinks he can make ice as good as God Almighty.”

More here.

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The Story Paradox

Andrew Gelman at Statistical Modeling, Causal Inference, and Social Science:

I just read the above-titled book by Jonathan Gottschall. It was really interesting–he convincingly argues that (a) stories are a central part of lives and always will be, and (b) stories are dangerous and we’re living in a world of dangerous stories. The book isn’t perfect–the author is a bit too credulous for my taste in citing dubious social-psychology studies–but no book is perfect, and I got a lot out of it, and now that I’ve read it, I feel pretty much in agreement with its arguments.

Some ideas in the book reminded me of things we’ve discussed before, so I thought I’d share them with you.

On p.56, Gottschall writes, “persuasion isn’t the same as instruction–as taking a blank slate and filling it up. You have to move a mind from one place to another, which means overcoming inertia with some kind of force.”

This reminds me of the idea that Thomas Basbøll and I have raised, that good stories are anomalous and immutable. The “immutable” bit refers to true stories, and it’s the idea that they present some facts, some things that really happened. “Anomalous” refers to the twist in the story, the idea that any good story contains a surprise. That’s why I think of storytelling as predictive model checking (see also here). Gottschall’s “overcoming inertia” sounds to me like what we do in statistics when we encounter data that contradicts our existing model of the world. The existing model is the inertia, and a key insight is that this existing model–this inertia–is always there. It’s central to the story. To the extent that the story is surprising–and I’d argue that every good story has surprises–these are relative to some expectations. A good way to understand a story is to consider the (often implicit) assumptions it’s working against. It’s the revelation that the assumptions are wrong that is the force that persuades.

More here.

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