Inside China’s robotics revolution

Chang Che in The Guardian:

As in much of the world, AI has become part of everyday life in China. But what most excites Chinese politicians and industrialists are the strides being made in the field of robotics, which, when combined with advances in AI, could revolutionise the world of work. The technology behind China’s current robotics boom is deep learning, the mathematical engine behind large language models such as ChatGPT, which learn by discerning patterns from huge datasets. Many researchers believe that machines can learn to navigate the physical world the way ChatGPT learned to navigate language: not by following rules, but by absorbing enough data for something like human dexterity to emerge. The aim, for many technologists, is the development of humanoid robots capable of performing factory labour – work that employs hundreds of millions of people worldwide.

The resources being pumped into achieving this goal are staggering. In 2025, China announced a £100bn fund for strategic technologies including quantum computing, clean energy and robotics. Major cities have invested their own resources into robotics projects, too. There are now roughly 140 Chinese firms hoping to build humanoids.

More here.

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Jeelani Bano, the matriarch of modern Urdu letters, passes away at age 90

From The Siasat Daily:

The world of literature has lost one of its most luminous stars. Jeelani Bano, a titan of Urdu literature and a fierce advocate for the marginalized, passed away on Sunday (March 1), leaving behind a legacy that stretched far beyond the borders of her beloved Hyderabad. According to her family sources, she was a social architect who used her pen to bridge the gap between tradition and modernity. From her first short story in 1954 to her crowning achievements as a Padma Shri recipient and Doctor of Literature, Bano’s career spanned seven decades of relentless creative output. Jeelani Bano’s impact was global. Her stories—deeply rooted in the soil of the Deccan—found home in the hearts of readers from Moscow to Madison.

With 22 books covering novels, plays, and screenplays, she mastered every medium she touched. Her masterpieces, like Aiwan-e-Ghazal and Baarish-e-Sang, were translated into Russian, German, Norwegian, and nearly every major Indian language, proving that her themes of human struggle and dignity were universal.

More here. (Note: When my daughter Sheherzad was an undergraduate at Columbia University, she translated one of Bano’s stories into English and, with the quiet courage of the young, sent it to the author. To our delight, Ms. Bano replied with extraordinary warmth—her letter generous, encouraging, and full of genuine affection and concern for a young reader. It was a deeply touching gesture, made all the more remarkable by her towering stature.).

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Sunday, March 22, 2026

Nagatachō Bubble

Ma Jiajia in Sidecar:

Sanae Takaichi’s resounding win in Japan’s snap election last month divided Chinese-language commentary. Many Chinese living in the country were uneasy; some beat their chests in despair, declaring they’d pack up and leave. Others – mostly residing outside of Japan – hailed it a triumph for Japanese democracy and an awakening of the Yamato spirit. Such mixed feelings are in part a reaction to Takachi’s hawkishness on Taiwan. Soon after taking over as prime minister last October, she claimed that a Chinese blockade of Taiwan could constitute a ‘survival-threatening situation’ – implying possible military involvement in a cross-strait conflict. Within Japan, her comments helped cement her image as a tough-talking Japanese Thatcher, but they trigged uproar in Beijing, which has restricted rare earth exports and other critical materials. The number of Chinese visitors to Japan has fallen by 61 per cent on the previous year.

This heightened antagonism comes in the context of a broader anti-foreigner mood, one that has played an increasingly prominent part in politics in recent months. During last July’s Senate election, foreigners – comprising just 3 per cent of Japan’s population – were suddenly the hottest topic. Rumours spread like wildfire on social media: cheap immigrant labour was stifling Japanese wage growth and jeopardizing public safety; expat entrepreneurs in Tokyo were receiving low-interest start-up loans of up to ¥15 million; growing numbers were overstaying their visas and exploiting the welfare system; employees of multinational corporations were spreading Covid; crimes committed by foreigners were going unprosecuted. Amid this din, the far-right party Sanseito rapidly gained popularity with its ‘Japanese First’ campaign. It placed third in the election, securing fifteen seats, up from one previously.

This was an early indication of shifting public sentiment, as disaffected and economically insecure voters rallied to watchwords of the xenophobic right.

More here.

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Pinto’s Lesson

Fernando Rugitsky in Phenomenal World:

It is still too soon to fully understand the conditions that enabled the worldwide ascent of the far right over the past decade. But deepening material divisions within the working classes seem to have played a key role, unraveling historic solidarities that were once the basis of left politics. While capital’s relentless drive to accumulate “division and difference within the working class” is nothing new, neoliberalism seems to have intensified it. Dylan Riley recently suggested that, in the case of rich countries, the problem “is not so much that workers as a whole are turning to the right as that the class is fundamentally fractured by the material interests deriving from the market position of its component parts:” a fracture that has been seized upon by the MAGA movement.

The tradition of critical political economy in Latin America has much to say about this dynamic of division among the working classes. In the 1970s, one of the high points of critical thought in the region, a central concern was to grasp how the sectoral characteristics of capital accumulation affected the class structure, and how shifts in the latter conditioned the politics of development in turn. The changing stratification of the labor force was at the heart of efforts to investigate the transformation of the economic structure and its political implications.

Few took this line of inquiry further than the Chilean economist Aníbal Pinto.

More here.

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Cosma Shalizi Is Aware of All Internet Traditions

Ben Recht over at his Substack arg min:

I’ve been wanting to write a summary of the Cultural AI conference I attended at NYU last week, but I’ve been struggling to succinctly capture my thoughts. That’s indicative of the depth and complexity of how AI meets culture, and the different perspectives and disciplines might not lend themselves to a tidy summary. As I often do when trying to wrap my head around complex things, I will stop worrying and just blog through it.

The talk that serves as my hub in the complex network of cultural AI is Cosma Shalizi’s “Aware of All Internet Traditions: Large Language Models as Information Retrieval and Synthesis.” That language models simultaneously retrieve information and synthesize new content isn’t controversial. Nor is the fact that this synthesis is formulaic. The current synthesis is next-token prediction trained on all written information, whose output is warped by some selective post-training. By design, language models mechanistically reproduce the recurring regularities in their training data. That training data consists of all the text files on the internet and what is easily available in printed books. Hence, the regularities are the tropes, stereotypes, templates, conventions, and genres of language and code.

The formulaic generation of discourse looks like discourse in ways we could never have imagined. But with hindsight, we shouldn’t be surprised. Human culture is very formulaic! There are long-standing formulas for oral tradition, for generating small talk, or for generating scientific papers. As Cosma put it, in the single sentence that summarizes the entire Cultural AI conference:

Following a tradition means not having to think for oneself.

 More here. (Cosma Shalizi’s slides here.)

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‘I’ve learned first-hand how evil is tolerated’: Colm Tóibín on living in the US under Trump

Colm Toibin in The Guardian:

In the early years of this century, I worked for a semester at various American universities in cities where I will not live again. Thus, in a story called Barton Springs, I could conjure up Austin in Texas, and in Five Bridges, the city of San Francisco. In Sleep, I could venture into an apartment I sublet near Columbia University in 2012 and 2013. I could put my hero in my bed. I could have him watch from the same window as I watched from, with a view of the George Washington Bridge. When I take him back to Dublin, I have him spend time in the long living room in Ranelagh that belonged to the feminist writer June Levine and her husband the psychiatrist Ivor Browne. The bar in Barcelona in A Free Man is a place I once knew well. The story The News from Dublin opens in the back room of the house where I was raised, a house that has long been sold. I won’t go back there.

By the time I wrote those stories, those spaces could only be visited in my memory or in my imagination. Other spaces, such as the room where I am now in New York, have not been written about. Not yet. They have not been lost yet. I do not regret them or miss them. They are not part of a world that I can imagine, a world that has somehow been completed and is ready to be framed or entered stealthily, as a ghost might come and haunt a story.

In the future, if I live long enough, I will be able to see this room as though framed, as though completed. It will be part of memory, part of history. I will be able to write about it. This is the room where I learned first‑hand not only what evil is like but how evil is tolerated. What is strange about being in America in the time of Trump is how ordinary it is, how what was unimaginable just over a year ago is suddenly, shockingly no longer a surprise.

More here.

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Sunday Poem

Revolutionary Act

“Every war when it comes, or before it comes,
is represented not as war but as an act of self-defense
against a homicidal maniac…We have now sunk to a depth
at which restatement of the obvious is the first duty of intelligent beings.

If liberty means anything at all, it means the right to tell people
what they do not want to hear. In times of universal deceit,
telling the truth will be a revolutionary act…

“All the war-propaganda,all the screaming and lies and hatred,
comes invariably from those who are not fighting.”

by George Orwell
from Poetic Outlaws, 3/10/26

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Friday, March 20, 2026

The Strange and Spectacular Quest to Define Color–from Azure to Zinc Pink

Kory Stamper at Longreads:

When I was hired by Merriam-Webster in 1998, it was ostensibly to revise the Big Book, Webster’s Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. The Third, or W3 as it’s called in the office, was released in 1961 and it made a splash. A dictionary written for the nuclear age, it’s 2,662 pages of six-point type, 10 pounds of knowledge stuffed between two buckram-covered boards, the result of tens of thousands of editorial hours by more than a hundred in-house editors and two hundred outside experts. It’s a nonpareil of twentieth-century American lexicography, notable for its almost scientific, systematic approach to what belongs in a dictionary and how the words inside it should be defined. Every modern American dictionary that you’ve consulted owes something to the Third—even if that something is that the dictionary you’re consulting is not the Third.

I say “ostensibly” because every editor who had been hired at Merriam-Webster since the mid-1970s had been hired to revise the Third, but no work had been undertaken on a full revision of the beast since its publication.

More here.

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Why Insect Farming Startups Are Going Bankrupt

Kenny Torrella at Undark:

You personally might recoil at the thought of eating fried crickets or roasted mealworms, but many cultures around the world consume insects, either caught from the wild or farmed on a small scale. And while grubs don’t feature prominently in current paleo cookbooks, our paleolithic ancestors most certainly ate plenty of bugs.

But the past decade has shown that even if you build an insect farm, the global market may not come. Of the 20 or so largest insect farming startups, almost a quarter have gone belly up in recent years, including the very largest, Ÿnsect, which ceased operations in December.

All told, shuttered insect farming startups account for almost half of all investment into the industry.

More here.

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How To Read Wuthering Heights

Ellen O’Connell Whittet at Lithub:

One of the novel’s quietly devastating moments comes when Branwell, in the middle of one of his cycles of resolve, tells Emily he is done with laudanum and alcohol. He is pale and hollow-eyed but composed, eating bread and butter at the kitchen table. Emily looks at him and thinks about the difference between his suffering and the suffering she has witnessed in others—illness that actually corrupts the body, pain that has no switch. His suffering is real, she does not doubt that. But he could, in theory, simply decide to stop. She knows this and also knows, from her own experience of a darkness that once swallowed her at school, that it is not so simple. She thinks of the bottomless black hole she’d poured herself into at Roe Head, and the argument she’s been building against him quietly dissolves. She goes downstairs to fetch her bonnet. She comes back. She keeps showing up.

I have thought about that passage more than any other in the novel, because I recognize that particular arithmetic—the one where you’re trying to assess someone’s suffering against a standard of what they could do differently, and the calculation keeps failing because suffering doesn’t work that way.

more here.

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Mexico’s Forever War on Drugs

Carlos Pérez Ricart at The Ideas Letter:

Two decades have passed, with operations, clashes, and the arrest of drug lords. And yet the same questions remain. What is the true nature of this conflict? How can we understand a phenomenon that seems to repeat itself over and over? How might it change as the US attempts to assume a new role in the world?

Over the past twenty years, criminal organizations, the Mexican state, and the ways of governing territories ravaged by violence have changed. Mexico’s place in the hemisphere’s illicit flows has also changed. The world has changed. What began in 2006 as a strategy to combat drug-trafficking organizations—Mexico’s own War on Drugs—ended up revealing something much broader: a global network of illegal markets for drugs, money, people, and weapons in which Mexico plays a central role.

To understand this, let’s look at a map.

More here.

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Don Juan’s Reckless Daughter

Richard Skinner at 3:AM Magazine:

When Don Juan came out, the lyrics were printed on the album sleeve. Included in the lyrics for “Paprika Plains” was a 72-line passage of stream-of-consciousness imagery which was meant to be read while listening to ‘The Medallion’ section of “Paprika Plains”. Drawn from a dream Mitchell had, this lyrical tableau further explored Mitchell’s childhood but, this time, these memories of indigenous Canadian prairie folk were presented as a post-apocalyptic vision.

In interview, Mitchell has stated that “Paprika Plains” was the hardest piece of music she ever worked on. None of Joni’s contemporaries could have produced such a unique and distinctive tone poem as she did with “Paprika Plains”. Not one. The way she held on to her vision and trusted her artistic process is a measure of the heights of her creativity in this period of her life.

And then for something completely different – “Otis and Marlena”, a portrait of an elderly couple vacationing in Miami, observing other holidaymakers from their 10th floor hotel balcony. The song paints such incredible colours of the Floridian city and skies (once again evoked by Larry Carlton’s fine guitar harmonics).

more here.

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Friday Poem

This is Not a Small Voice

This is not a small voice
you hear               this is a large
voice coming out of these cities.
This is the voice of LaTanya.
Kadesha. Shaniqua. This
is the voice of Antoine.
Darryl. Shaquille.
Running over waters
navigating the hallways
of our schools spilling out
on the corners of our cities and
no epitaphs spill out of their river mouths.

This is not a small love
you hear               this is a large
love, a passion for kissing learning
on its face.
This is a love that crowns the feet with hands
that nourishes, conceives, feels the water sails
mends the children,
folds them inside our history where they
toast more than the flesh
where they suck the bones of the alphabet
and spit out closed vowels.
This is a love colored with iron and lace.
This is a love initialed Black Genius.

This is not a small voice
you hear.

by Sonia Sanchez 
from Wounded in the House of a Friend

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In Memoriam: My brilliant friend Sara

Azra Raza in Dawn (April 2022):

Sara Suleri Goodyear died peacefully at home on Sunday, March 20, 2022 of pulmonary failure. She was 68 years old. She was my friend. Sara disliked being called exotic; except that she was. Hugely so. Dazzling, elegant, glamorous, charmingly imperious, impossibly intelligent. And most of all, fabulously, hilariously, screamingly funny.

As an author, Sara was adored, respected, admired and even worshipped. In 1989, Meatless Days burst on the scene with the same explosive energy that Quratulain Hyder had sparked with her magnum opus, Aag Ka Darya [River of Fire].

…The book didn’t just impress readers, it often had a strange effect on them. Some identified with her experiences at a deeply personal level, almost claiming ownership of them. In 2004, the great Indian filmmaker Shyam Benegal and his wife Nira arrived in town and my friend Anita Patil (actor Smita Patil’s sister) took us out to dinner. We were barely seated when the incredibly sophisticated Nira turned to me: “I was anxious to meet you, Azra. I’ve heard that you personally know the author I admire most, Sara Suleri. I’m dying to know everything you can tell me about her.” Talking about a writer we mutually admired bonded Nira and me. When we compared notes on our favorite Suleri passage, we discovered one about Lahore that we both loved:

“How many times have we driven down from Rawalpindi, fatigue in the marrow of our bones, to cross the full Ravi and then the empty Ravi riverbed, finally to see the great luminous minarets of the mosque rising in our vision like a gasp or a plea?

“Of course, nothing in the city quite lives up to the promise of such a welcome, so that somehow one is always expecting to find Lahore without quite locating it. I used to find it perverse myself, that aura of anticipation, until it occurred to me that the town has built itself upon the structural disappointment at the heart of pomp and circumstances, and since then I have loved to be disappointed by its streets. They wind absentmindedly between centuries, slapping an edifice of crude modernity against a mediaeval gate, forgetting and remembering beauty, in pockets of merciful respite.”

More here.

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