Breeding for IQ

Emily R. Klancher Merchant in the Los Angeles Review of Books:

In the Operation Varsity Blues scandal of 2019, 50 wealthy parents were charged with trying to get their children into elite universities through fraudulent means. The story dramatically demonstrated the lengths to which some parents will go to ensure their children’s acceptance into places like Stanford, Yale, Georgetown, and USC. Actress Lori Loughlin and her husband, fashion designer Mossimo Giannulli, bribed athletic coaches to recruit their children for sports they did not play. Actress Felicity Huffman and private equity mogul William E. McGlashan Jr. were among the parents who paid to falsify their children’s SAT and ACT test scores. Those who were caught faced criminal charges, yet the scandal also shed light on the perfectly legal tactics used by wealthy parents to get their children into elite institutions, such as endowing buildings or hiring expensive consultants.

The Pennsylvania couple Malcolm and Simone Collins have taken a different approach. For their two daughters, Titan Invictus and Industry Americus, the Collinses used eugenics.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.



Ray Bradbury and John Huston Do Moby Dick

Sam Weller at the LARB:

SEVENTY YEARS AGO, Ray Bradbury, then 33 years old—the author of The Martian Chronicles (1950), The Illustrated Man (1951), and Fahrenheit 451 (1953)—stood in front of a mirror in a London hotel room and declared, “I … am Herman Melville!” It was a last-ditch effort to channel the great American writer of Moby-Dick (1851). For Bradbury, it was either that or accept complete failure.

Today, few people are aware that Bradbury, renowned science fiction writer, beloved fantasist, and mainstay on banned-book lists, wrote the screenplay for the 1956 John Huston adaptation of the Melville classic, which starred Gregory Peck as the iconic and obsessive Captain Ahab. Writing the screenplay was a dream come true for Bradbury, until it morphed into a waking nightmare. As the old adage goes: Never meet your heroes. So how did a writer known for conjuring carnival sideshow freaks, Art Deco rocket ships blasting off for Mars, and a dystopian future where books are illegal come to adapt what is often deemed the great American novel? If you asked Ray Bradbury, who died in 2012, he would tell you the answer to this question was a four-letter word: L-O-V-E.

more here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Nexus by Yuval Noah Harari review – end of days?

Steven Poole in The Guardian:

As befits a writer whose breakout work, Sapiens, was a history of the entire human race, Yuval Noah Harari is a master of the sententious generalisation. “Human life,” he writes here, “is a balancing act between endeavouring to improve ourselves and accepting who we were.” Is it? Is that all it is? Elsewhere, one might be surprised to read: “The ancient Romans had a clear understanding of what democracy means.” No doubt the Romans would have been happy to hear that they would, 2,000 years in the future, be given a gold star for their comprehension of eternally stable political concepts by Yuval Noah Harari.

In his 2018 book, 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, Harari wrote: “Liberals don’t understand how history deviated from its preordained course, and they lack an alternative prism through which to interpret reality. Disorientation causes them to think in apocalyptic terms.” It seems that, in the intervening years, Harari has himself become a liberal, because this book is about the apocalyptic scenario of how the “computer network” – everything from digital surveillance capitalism to social feed algorithms and AI – might destroy civilisation and usher in “the end of human history”. Take that, Fukuyama.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

A New Brain Mapping Study Reveals Depression’s Signature in the Brain

Shelly Fan in Singularity Hub:

Depression doesn’t mean you’re always feeling low. Sure, most times it’s hard to crawl out of bed or get motivated. Once in a while, however, you feel a spark of your old self—only to get sucked back into an emotional black hole. There’s a reason for this variability. Depression changes brain connections, even when the person is feeling okay at the moment. Scientists have long tried to map these alternate networks. But traditional brain mapping technologies average multiple brains, which doesn’t capture individual brain changes.

This week, an international team took a peek into the depressed mind. With brain imaging technology called precision functional mapping, they captured the brains of 135 people with depression for over a year and a half. The largest brain mapping study of the disorder to date, the results revealed a curious change in the brain’s connections in people with depression—a neural network, usually involved in attention, nearly doubled its size compared to those without the condition. The increase remained even during periods when the person no longer felt low. The brain signature isn’t just a neurobiological sign of depression—it could also be a predictor. When observed in the brain imaging data of nearly 12,000 children starting from nine years old, the expanded network predicted the onset of depression later in adolescence.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Tuesday, September 10, 2024

Chelsea Manning, the War on Terror, and the Trans Internet

Charlie Markbreiter in the Los Angeles Review of Books:

In 2009, A US security intelligence operative stationed in Iraq began to notice some gaps in the American government’s “surgical precision” drone strategy. “I was trained to be an all-source analyst,” writes Chelsea Manning in her memoir, README.TXT (2022). “I’m used to collecting the full context and getting—and sharing—as much detail as possible.”

Manning’s childhood and adolescence in many ways exemplified the white millennial trans experience. While transness is culturally synonymized with coastal cities, Manning, like many trans people, grew up elsewhere; she was born to a former Navy intelligence officer and his Welsh wife in Oklahoma City in 1987. Not only did Manning’s father, Brian, instill “rigid cis gender sensibilities”; he also evoked a thoroughly militarized model of masculinity. Little Mermaid dolls were replaced with small fighter jets.

As it was for many isolated, closeted trans people in the aughts—not even out to themselves, let alone to anyone around them—the internet was Manning’s escape. First, it was forums: trolling, lolz, meeting other gay people. Then she became skilled at coding. Back in meatspace, she was aggressively bullied for being gay; her family eventually kicked her out. In Chicago’s Boystown gayborhood, she experienced IRL queer romance and community for the very first time.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

On the Myth that Arabic Translations Merely Preserved Greek Literature

Josephine Quinn at Literary Hub:

In the eighth-century CE the Abbasids undertook to collect the wisdom of the world in their new capital at Baghdad. This project started with the second Abbasid caliph, al-Mansur (“the Conqueror,” r. 754–74), who commissioned Arabic translations of important scientific texts from Persian, Sanskrit, Greek, and Syriac (a late form of Aramaic), and came into its own under al-Ma’mun (“the Trusted One,” r. 813–33).

The operation was lavishly funded by the caliph himself, as well as by members of his household, courtiers, merchants, bankers, and military leaders. It reflects the prosperity of the era, as the Abbasids created a powerful centralized government based on a land tax, which as conversion became more common they pragmatically extended to Muslims as well as non-Muslims.

The most important thing to understand about what is often now called the “Translation Movement” is that it wasn’t primarily about translation. It was part of a wider commitment by Islamic scholars and political leaders to scientific investigation that also saw caliphs commission new works of science, geography, poetry, history, and medicine.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Gripping account of wartime chaos at Ukraine’s nuclear plant

Luke Harding in The Guardian:

O24 February 2022, workers at the Chornobyl nuclear power station in Ukraine woke to the sound of explosions. A battle was going on, not far from the contaminated exclusion zone. By late afternoon, the Russians had arrived. A column of military vehicles pulled up at a checkpoint and an officer got out. Moscow, he said, was now in charge.

The plant’s 300 personnel – specialist operators and firefighters, plus troops from Ukraine’s national guard – became prisoners. Over the next few weeks, they kept the station’s systems going, working in cramped conditions and living side by side with their armed Russian masters. The enemy had invaded from Belarus. Its main force trundled onwards towards Kyiv.

Chernobyl Roulette by the Ukrainian historian Serhii Plokhy is a gripping account of the extraordinary events inside the plant (Plokhy spells the power station with an “e”). It is a tale of bravery and selflessness, reminiscent of the sacrifice demonstrated by the Chornobyl employees who went through the 1986 nuclear disaster, when reactor No 4 blew up. Some of those on duty in 2022 were involved in the original Soviet-era clean-up.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Kant And The Claims Of The Empirical World

Nick Stang at Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews:

Readers of Kant’s third Critique, the Critique of the Power of Judgment, are presented with a set of puzzles about the unity, indeed, the very existence, of the very book before them: why did Kant think his critical system was ‘incomplete’ without a critique of the power of judgment, and why would such a critique complete that system? Why must that critique contain a critique of aesthetic judgment and a critique of teleological judgment? Are each equally necessary to the critical project? To borrow a trope from Kant himself, is this book a mere aggregate of its parts, or is it unified by an idea of the whole that determines those parts? And if so, what is that idea, and does it determine that the third Critique must have these, and only these, parts (no more, no fewer)?

Ido Geiger’s excellent new book, Kant and the Claims of the Empirical World: a Transcendental Reading of the Critique of the Power of Judgment, offers a bold new take on some of these foundational issues about the unity and structure of the third Critique. Geiger’s leading thread is that the CPJ continues the project, begun in the Critique of Pure Reason (CPR), of uncovering transcendental conditions for the possibility of experience.

more here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Is Blasphemy Illiberal?

Len Gutkin in The Yale Review:

We tend to think of blasphemy—an offense against God—as a relic of an antique past. It seems to belong to times and places where religion and law speak with one voice. And a stern one: in Leviticus, God tells the Israelites that “he that blasphemeth the name of the Lord, he shall surely be put to death, and all the congregation shall certainly stone him.”

Though it may appear anachronistic in a secular democracy, Western liberalism has for much of its history preserved the concept of blasphemy, albeit with significant modifications. The locus of offense shifted from the honor of the deity to the honor of His followers. Leviticus forbids it not because of how it made the Israelites feel but because of how it made God feel. But in America, England, and other modern nations, blasphemy came to be seen as legally culpable because it could wound religious feelings, and in so doing provoke tumults and even killings. Keeping the peace provided a legal warrant for restricting irreligious speech: blaspheme the name of the Lord, and the congregation might riot. Should “unrestricted license” be “permitted to all men to speak and write and act as they pleased,” as an English Royal Commission wrote in 1841, “the feelings of mankind upon a subject of great moment”—religion—“would be frequently outraged.”

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

What Can Turmeric Actually Do for Your Health?

Alice Callahan in The New York Times:

Turmeric has been used as a spice and medicine for thousands of years. And in recent decades, it’s become popular as a dietary supplement, often sold as curcumin — a chemical compound found in dried turmeric — with claims that it can soothe joint pain, reduce inflammation and improve mobility. In Thailand, turmeric is also often consumed in its spice or supplement form to quell gastrointestinal symptoms like bloating and indigestion, said Dr. Krit Pongpirul, an associate professor of preventive and social medicine at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok. But only a few small studies have evaluated such benefits.

In a trial published Monday in the journal BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, Dr. Pongpirul and his colleagues tested whether curcumin supplements could help patients with functional dyspepsia, a common gastrointestinal condition that causes stomach pain and feelings of fullness, nausea and bloating after meals.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

On Jonathan Lethem’s Art Writing

Rhoda Feng at Artforum:

JONATHAN LETHEM is perhaps best known as a writer of pastiche-driven, omnidirectionally intelligent fiction. His novels include a Chandler-inspired detective story (Gun, with Occasional Music), an academic satire (As She Climbed Across the Table), and a work of entrancing social realism (Fortress of Solitude). His latest book, Cellophane Bricks, arrives at genre-mixing fiction via a slightly different angle. Modestly subtitled “A Life in Visual Culture,” the work is a multivalent, multiform achievement: a portrait of the writer as a young artist, a valentine to Lethem’s artist father, an Aladdin’s cave of allusions. Many of the pieces in the collection were occasioned by artists inviting Lethem to write something to accompany their art or exhibitions. He adhered to a personal rule of responding to these requests with stories, with “scenes and situations and voices, characters and set pieces, sprung from my response to the art.” “Sprung” is key here: There’s a sense, throughout the book, of Lethem cutting his own desire path away from traditional/scholarly approaches to art writing, crafting scenes and situations swagged with idiosyncrasy and refreshingly unburdened by what Nietzsche called a “columbarium of concepts.”

more here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Monday, September 9, 2024

Robert Pinsky on David Ferry’s “Johnson on Pope”

Robert Pinsky at Poetry Daily:

I first read “Johnson on Pope” by David Ferry in his 1960 first book, On the Way to the Island. I felt immediately that I had learned something about the art of poetry. Ferry’s poem demonstrated the crucial difference between prose and poetry as vocal: a matter of sound. That limited, technical point had its power.

Possibly the poem also made me think again of Emily Dickinson’s words: “Tell all the truth, but tell it slant—Success in Circuit lies/ Too bright for our infirm Delight/ The Truth’s superb surprise.”

I may or may not have actually read Samuel Johnson’s sentences about Alexander Pope, but as an earnest, bookish poet in my twenties I could imagine them. David Ferry had converted them into iambic pentameter and added some erratic but unmistakable rhymes. That vocal transformation made Johnson’s asserted, documentary truths into something illuminated aslant, at an angle through darkness.

How had the sound of verses made prose from the eighteenth century into a modern poem I would not forget?

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Domesticating horses had a huge impact on human society − new science rewrites where and when it first happened

William Taylor in The Conversation:

Because of their tremendous impact in shaping our collective human story, figuring out when, why and how horses became domesticated is a key step toward understanding the world we live in now.

Doing so has proven to be surprisingly challenging. In my new book, “Hoof Beats: How Horses Shaped Human History,” I draw together new archaeological evidence that is revising what scientists like me thought we knew about this story.

Over the years, almost every time and place on Earth has been suggested as a possible origin point for horse domestication, from Europe tens of thousands of years ago to places such as Saudi Arabia, Anatolia, China or even the Americas.

By far the most dominant model for horse domestication, though, has been the Indo-European hypothesis, also known as the “Kurgan hypothesis.”

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.

Has Wikipedia Become ‘Wokepedia’?

Dan Gardner at Past Present Future:

I am not a Wikipedian. I’m an observer. And what I observe is that hardcore Wikipedians – the sort of people who spend their precious summer holidays attending a conference of Wikipedians — are some of the loveliest people I’ve ever met. Which really isn’t a surprise. After all, these are people who spend enormous amounts of spare time researching, editing, discussing, organizing, working on IT, resolving disputes, and doing the many other tasks required to build and run Wikipedia. And they do it all for free. They don’t even get so much as a byline. Or a “thanks” from the billions of people – yes, billions – who benefit from their labours. Their motivations? It’s mostly curiosity, generosity, and community. These are people who absolutely love finding and sharing knowledge. In a word, these people are nerds. I adore them.

But if you spend time perusing very online American right-wing commentators, that may not be the image you have of the people behind Wikipedia.

More here.

Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.