The Man Who Changed Portraiture

Zachary Fine at The New Yorker:

Hals was not the second- or third-best Dutch painter of the seventeenth century; he was the best of the nineteenth. In the eighteen-sixties, the French art critic Théophile Thoré (who famously rescued Vermeer from oblivion) kicked off a revival of Hals, making him a favorite of art collectors and painters—Gustave Courbet and Édouard Manet, Mary Cassatt and James McNeill Whistler, Robert Henri and George Luks. (Luks reportedly said that the only two great painters in history were Hals and himself.) By 1900, the city of Haarlem had installed a statue of Hals in a public park. Even as he fell behind Rembrandt and Vermeer in the twentieth century, his paintings would retain a sheen of newness. According to the painter Lucian Freud, Hals was “fated always to look modern.”

His genius boils down to a contradiction: loose, unblended smears of paint that create the flesh-and-blood likeness of a human being. The late works of Titian, Velázquez, and Rembrandt would all head in this direction with their “rough” manner, but Hals achieved a kind of scary immediacy that seemed almost foreign to the medium—a photographer suddenly among painters.

more here.



Friday Poem

The Force That Through the Green Fuse Drives the Flower

The force that through the green fuse drives the flower
Drives my green age; that blasts the roots of trees
Is my destroyer.
And I am dumb to tell the crooked rose
My youth is bent by the same wintry fever.

The force that drives the water through the rock
Drives my red blood; that dries the mouthing streams
Turns mine to wax.
And I am dumb to mouth unto my veins
How at the mountain spring the same mouth sucks.

The hand that whirls the water in the pool
Stirs the quicksand; that ropes the blowing wind
hauls my shroud sail.
And I am dumb to tell the hanging man
How of my clay is made the hangman’s lime.

The lips of time leech to the fountain head;
Love drips and gathers, but the fallen blood
Shall calm her sores.
And I am dumb to tell weather’s wind
How time has ticked a heaven round the stars.

And I am dumb to tell the lover’s tomb
How at my sheet goes the same crooked worm.

by Dylan Thomas

Jacob Elordi and Cailee Spaeny say ‘Priscilla’ is about true love

Jada Yuan in The Washington Post:

Jacob Elordi is by far the bigger name among the two stars of Sofia Coppola’s “Priscilla” — having starred in HBO’s “Euphoria” and garnered plenty of tabloid attention for his romances with Zendaya, Kaia Gerber and Olivia Jade Giannulli. But, just like his relatively unknown co-star Cailee Spaeny (HBO’s “Mare of Easttown”), he’d actually never seen himself on a big screen until Coppola’s movie premiered at the Venice Film Festival in September.

It’s a particular affliction for actors who’ve grown up in the age of streaming: getting great, juicy parts that people mainly watch while they’re doing their laundry. And for Elordi — a 26 year-old native of Brisbane, Australia, who will often go by himself to his local Los Feliz theater for a double feature and who’s spent a lifetime steeping himself in his acting idols, like Marlon Brando, Lawrence Olivier, Heath Ledger, Christian Bale and Daniel Day-Lewis — this final berth into theaters feels particularly triumphant.

“It’s a whole different world. I love it,” he says, joining Spaeny, 25, for a joint Zoom with The Washington Post, dialing in from a beige room in Los Angeles while wearing a leather jacket and a “James Dean Death Cult” hat adorned with a metal pin of Coppola’s face. “I am so deeply grateful to be going to film festivals that honor cinema and then to be able to sit in these rooms with people and watch the movie on the big screen,” he goes on. “I feel like I’ve been given a golden ticket.”

More here.

Research shows one sleepless night can rapidly reverse depression for several days

From Phys.Org:

Most people who have pulled an all-nighter are all too familiar with that “tired and wired” feeling. Although the body is physically exhausted, the brain feels slap-happy, loopy and almost giddy. Now, Northwestern University neurobiologists are the first to uncover what produces this punch-drunk effect. In a new study, researchers induced mild, acute sleep deprivation in mice and then examined their behaviors and brain activity. Not only did dopamine release increase during the acute sleep loss period, synaptic plasticity also was enhanced—literally rewiring the brain to maintain the bubbly mood for the next few days.

These new findings could help researchers better understand how mood states transition naturally. It also could lead to a more complete understanding of how fast-acting antidepressants (like ketamine) work and help researchers identify previously unknown targets for new antidepressant medications.

More here.

Thursday, November 2, 2023

On Martin Scorsese’s New Adaptation of David Grann’s “Killers of the Flower Moon”

Olivia Rutigliano at Literary Hub:

The night I saw Killers of the Flower Moon I dreamed wildly, fitfully. Until I went to bed, I spent my waking hours thinking about the film, and then I suppose I continued to think about it as I slept. I have many questions about it. There are so many details I’d like to discuss. I wish I had seen it with friends, rather than (as is customary for my job) by myself with only my notebook to aid in exegesis. Killers of the Flower Moon, which was directed by Martin Scorsese, screen-written by Scorsese and Eric Roth, and based on the monumental nonfiction book of the same name by David Grann, is a tremendous feat of filmmaking, but it’s not a simple one, not an easy one.

Killers of the Flower Moon unfolds on a heretofore obscure event in the history of 20th-century America: the regional genocide of the Osage people during the 1920s. David Grann’s book, published in 2017, is responsible for bringing this history to a wide national audience.

More here.

Craig Venter, discusses synthetic biology and his new book, “The Voyage of Sorcerer II: The Expedition That Unlocked The Secrets of The Ocean’s Microbiome”

Nathan Gardels at Noema:

Nathan Gardels: Generative AI has been heralded lately as one of the great game-changing innovations of our time. I remember in one of our conversations years ago when you said already then that biology was becoming a computational science, opening a path to the “dawn of digital life.”  What is the impact of the ever-more empowered big data processing of AI, particularly generative AI, on genomics and the potential of synthetic biology?

Craig Venter: So far, one of the greatest impacts of the use of generative AI has been in improving protein structure predictions, or 3D modeling of gene sequences. That is a big deal because it allows us to understand many of the genes with unknown functions that provide the various chemical signals that determine the growth, differentiation, and development of cells. As far as anybody can tell, the predictions coming out of generative AI seem to be a big improvement over existing algorithms.

In 2016 we announced the first synthetic “minimal cell,” a self-replicating organism, a bacterial genome that encoded only the minimal set of genes necessary for the cell to survive. But even at that quite minimal level we still did not know the functions of up to 25% of those genes.

We have a very substantial amount of biology left to learn, even though everybody was getting to the point where they thought we knew it all.  As soon as you start to think that, you’re wrong.

More here.

Iran’s Social Revolution: The Heartbeat Continues

Michael M. J. Fischer at Public Books:

In 1978, the painter Nicky Nodjoumi returned to Tehran from New York just in time for the women’s mass marches against the shah. While there, Nodjoumi joined 30 students and professors in the production of posters at Tehran University’s Faculty of Fine Arts. The group held an exhibition to which some 5,000 people a day came, and a space for people to make their own posters. This particular effort of nonsectarian democracy in action—working with but keeping independent of all parties and factions—was short-lived. The art spaces were burned down by a hardline Muslim organization in 1979.

Between 2005 and 2008 Taraneh Hemami—an artist living in the San Francisco, California, area—created an installation of leftist documents that had been buried in northern Iran, retrieved, and brought to America. The installation was to allow her generation, and younger generations, to engage with otherwise largely lost ephemera (pamphlets, newspaper articles, letters) of their parent’s generations before and during the 1979 revolution.

More here.

Biosensors for Colorectal Cancer

Hannah Thomasy in The Scientist:

The human gut is awash in a sea of microbes that quietly ferment fibers, produce vitamins, and exchange information with the immune system.1 Now, scientists are tasking bacteria with yet another job as they spelunk their way through the digestive system: cancer detection.

An international team of researchers engineered a bacterial biosensor capable of identifying a cancer-associated DNA mutation, which they published in the journal Science.2 The research team included molecular biologists Robert Cooper and Jeff Hasty of the University of California, San Diego and bowel cancer researchers Josephine Wright and Susan Woods at the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, and Daniel Worthley at the Colonoscopy Clinic. The study authors hope that this technology will one day aid in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, one of the most common causes of cancer-related death globally.

While scientists have previously engineered bacteria to detect inflammation or bleeding in the gut, this is the first bacterial biosensor that detects a specific DNA sequence from host tissues. To accomplish this feat, scientists leveraged Acinetobacter baylyi’s ability to take up extracellular DNA and integrate these sequences into its own genome.

More here.

Thursday Poem

where am i going

—for my papi & my brothers

where are we? a bleeding border. a ghost ancestor mopping it up.
another on lookout watching the sun. a stolen gavel mashes soft fruit

to the music. they whisper some dreams stay dreams. they call the sonidera
and ask her to make a sonido for sadness. where are we going?

a country where my momma’s wounds can’t enter. land with water food
peace of mind. sometimes silence is its own music like 2007

when abuelito passed and love grew thicker. a land where not everything
costs a whole body. a land where music gets so loud it harbors grief.

the tejas sun left burn marks on my face after stealing my brothers
as the moon bore witness. in blue-red light, our blood glows black. procedural

safeguards collapse inward and so, send me back to my kin’s killers, my burning
country, ma, are we there yet? where the sun is the same sun. where i sleep, earbuds

spilling out pop songs. exposed wire at my neck, you sing soft
no country can hold us, no country can hold us.

by Yazud Brito-Milian 
from
Muzzle Magazine, Fall 2023
(author’s reading of this poem can be found at the link above)

Psychedelic treatments are speeding towards approval — but no one knows how they work

Sara Reardon in Nature:

Psychedelic drugs have been undergoing a major makeover in psychiatry, earning mainstream acceptance that has eluded them for decades. In 2019, a variant of ketamine — an animal tranquillizer well known as a club drug — was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In May, Oregon opened its first treatment centre for administering psilocybin — the hallucinogenic compound found in magic mushrooms — following the state’s decision to legalize it (psilocybin remains illegal at the federal level). And, after decades of effort, the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, a non-profit research organization in San Jose, California, formally asked the FDA for approval to market MDMA — also known as molly or ecstasy — as a treatment for PTSD.

Most specialists expect the MDMA approval to go through on the weight of clinical evidence and popular support. Two large trials have shown that the drug can reduce the symptoms of PTSD when administered in controlled therapy sessions1,2. And it seems to do so more quickly than other treatments. But how MDMA and other psychedelics work is still largely a mystery, both because the drugs have long been illegal and because psychiatric conditions are difficult to study in animals.

More here.

Keeping Company With Outdoor People

William T. Vollmann at Harper’s Magazine:

Awakening to the snowy sunny morning of Tuesday, March 7, 2023, I took due pleasure in looking out through my white curtains at white sun glare that appeared almost warm from within. Why not stroll outdoors? Should I take a chill, this warm room would receive me again—and, after all, certain dark brown puddles in the vacant lots along Second Street implied that spring might impend, never mind that unpleasantly cold breeze on the river, or the refusal of First Street’s prizeworthy icicle crop to even begin dripping. You see, I like to believe in spring almost as does a Christian in heaven. Why fret about unborn summer problems? The wind might numb my face, but my hands felt warm enough in their leather work gloves. In brief, I was a doughty tourist here in Reno, Nevada, on whose downtown I had fixed with the design of finding three homeless men—for in the United States, cities often rot from the center out. Since Reno’s incorporation dates to 1903, her downtown, I reasoned, ought by now to hold a skid row, or at least a few vagrants. Right away I won a jackpot of sorts: between Second and Third at Bell ran a long slushy alley with glary mountains of snow at its eastern end, while several blocks to the west a man in a blue parka, from whose wheeled conveyance hung at least fifteen black garbage bags, kept inspecting and adjusting his setup under the surveillance of a row of sparrows on a power line. I surveilled him, too.

more here.

Willlard Boepple’s “Shards”

Michael Fried at nonsite:

Willard Boepple’s “Shards” fuse two art forms, sculpture and monoprints, to make a third which is sui generis and yet partakes of both of the others. Most intimately, the “Shards” bear a relation to the intensely coloristic monoprints that Boepple has been making since roughly 2004 in collaboration—following his choices and decisions—with Kip Gresham, a master printmaker in Cambridge, England. As described by Karen Wilkin in her indispensable book on the artist:

Each shape goes down on the paper as an expanse of uninflected, transparent color. [The shapes determined by stencils prepared beforehand.] As other shapes are added, the overlapping hues create new densities and new colors. Changing the sequence can further alter these tonal and chromatic relationships, creating new spatial suggestions, so that we read each of these unique images differently.1

“New spatial suggestions” is right.

more here.

Wednesday, November 1, 2023

The Courage to Forget

Firmin DeBrabander at The Hedgehog Review:

“I have discovered a potion for memory and wisdom,” the Egyptian god of the underworld tells the King of Thebes in an exchange recounted by Plato. This “magic potion,” it turns out, is writing. Previously, stories and histories, facts and fables were passed on orally. Minstrels would commit to memory the whole of the story of Troy, for example, which Homer ultimately put to the page. This was challenging work, time consuming, and imprecise. Stories were liable to variation, and exaggeration. Heroes were perhaps overly exalted. Details, dates, even characters would change over time. Writing solved many of these problems, and perfected our ability to recall.

But the King of Thebes is not impressed. Writing will “introduce forgetfulness,” he says. People will no longer “practice their memory because they will put their trust in writing… instead of trying to remember from the inside, completely on their own.” It is uncanny how his worries anticipate current critiques of technologies, which allow us to outsource cognitive duties and habits, and deactivate parts of our mind.

More here.

The Intelligence and Rationality of AI and Humans: A Conversation With Steven Pinker

Xiao-Li Meng and Liberty Vittert at the Harvard Data Science Review:

Xiao-Li Meng: Well, thank you so much, Steve, for joining us. I know how busy you are, so let’s just get to it. What is intelligence? What are the key components? What do you think constitutes intelligence?

Steven Pinker: I think intelligence is the ability to use knowledge to attain goals. That is, we tend to attribute intelligence to a system when it can do multiple things, multiple steps or alternative pathways to achieving the same outcome: what it wants. I’m sitting here right now in William James Hall, and my favorite characterization comes from William James himself, the namesake of my building, where he said, “‘You look at Romeo pursuing Juliet, and you look at a bunch of iron filings pursuing a magnet, you might say, ‘Oh, same thing.’ There’s a big difference. Namely, if you put a card between the magnet and filings, then the filings stick to the card; if you put a wall between Romeo and Juliet, they don’t have their lips idiotically attached to opposite sides of the wall.” Romeo will find a way of jumping over the wall or around the wall or knocking down the wall in order to touch Juliet’s lips.’ So, with a nonintelligence system, like physical objects, the path is fixed and whether it reaches some destination is just accidental or coincidental. With an intelligent agent, the goal is fixed and the path can be modified indefinitely. That’s my favorite characterization of intelligence.

More here.

The Radicalization of the American Mind

Rikki Schlott and Greg Lukianoff at Persuasion:

A 2019 study found that on both the left and right, people overestimate how prevalent extreme views are on the opposite side—something that was especially true of those who rely on social media for their news.

This is the modern manifestation of the anthropological phenomenon schismogenesis, which contends that group identity is formed in opposition to competing groups. Like the ancient Athenians and Spartans, by defining ourselves as being “the complete opposite of those guys,” we become less and less like each other—and more and more confident that our way is the right way.

This has been true since social media’s inception. But it’s only been worsened by a series of mass bans, particularly on Twitter, the digital home for all things political.

More here.

Brice Marden

Gary Garrels at Artforum:

BRICE MARDEN was an artist for whom intensive looking was essential. To be with him in the studio or in a museum was to focus as hard as possible on the work of art in front of your eyes. Words never disrupted the silence of seeing.

Light was always a fundamental subject of Brice’s work. It is what enables us to see. Different light reveals different aspects of what we observe, opening different experiences. Brice worked with the distinct qualities of light in discrete locations. He loved the light of New York, what he argued was a beautiful, silvery light coming off the water—a northern, colder light that is very clear. By contrast, the light in Hydra, Greece, where he had maintained a home and studio since the early 1970s, was brilliant and intense. The landscape also shifts the effects of light. New York has skyscrapers and steel. Greece has palm, pine, and olive trees. Brice would say that color has to be brought up to the light, that pigment is simply a substance that reacts to light.

more here.