Disavowed Knowledge

by Chris Horner

Things we don’t want to know that we know.

Donald Rumsfeld’s famous distinctions between knowledge and ignorance:

[T]here are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns—the ones we don’t know we don’t know. [1]

It’s been suggested that we should add to that list another kind of ‘known’: unknown knowns. [2] these would be the kinds of things we actually do know, but somehow remain unaware that we know. The classic example would be repression: a painful memory is repressed from our consciousness, but continues to be present in the unconscious – where it may return to trouble us via dreams, symptoms and parapraxes (so-called ‘Freudian slips’). So we (unconsciously) know something, but do not (consciously) know that we know it.

But there is another variety of knowing that isn’t ‘unknown’,  but inhabits a twilight zone between knowing and  acknowledging:  Fetishistic disavowal. This is where we do know something, but act on the basis that ‘I know this perfectly well, but nevertheless….’. To disavow something is to deny it; to fetishise something is to invest it with special powers. One knows that something  is the case, but denies it to oneself. This is obviously paradoxical, for how can I know X is the case but at the same time deny it? How can I act a belief that I consciously deny, or deny something that my actions show that I believe?  This is where the unconscious, fantasy, and the fetish, enter in. Read more »



Monday, July 18, 2022

Fetus Fetish on the Firing Line: A Conversation

by Akim Reinhardt and Jennifer Ballengee

Human embryo at 4 weeks
Human embryo at 4 weeks

First Discussant: For anti-abortion extremists, abortion is a fetish. It’s a symptom that covers a repressed, secret, and socially unacceptable desire. What desire? I’m not sure; it’s their fetish, not mine. But whatever it may be, it drives anti-abortion protestors to scream about saving lives, to hold up posters of fully-formed fetuses (rather than the mass of cells you see in an ultrasound at six weeks or so), and to demand that we save those unformed lives. However, those images of fully-formed fetuses are a lie. They are visual metaphors which, as metaphors do, compare two unlike things: “life” in its social, meaningful context, and the bare life of any cell mass, whether an amoeba, plant, worm, or human. The “sacred” aspect of the human—which lends it the claim to human rights, or gives it its meaning in punishment or execution or “life”—is not innate but imagined. However, if we were to admit that we’re a mass of cells like any other life form, then we’d all have to be vegetarians, or cannibals.

The Respondent: I agree that anti-abortion extremism is a fetish, a form of idolatry where supplicants worship a non-sentient globule for its spiritual and even magical powers. I call this the Fetus Fetish. It’s actually more of an embryo fetish, but I like alliterations. Perhaps it’s not surprising since the vast, vast majority of extremists are very religious and typically espouse Christian notions of a divinely formed soul within every human being upon conception, leading them to entangle embryos with ideas about the sacred. That seems pretty straightforward. What grabs me is your implication that anti-abortion extremism is grounded in a form of religious speciesism. That only by replacing honest observation and rational thought with supernatural religiosity could one conclude that a tiny collection of microscopic, embryonic cells is somehow more worthy of a sacred life than an adult chicken, or that even a twenty-week old fetus, which despite the miracles of modern medical technologies absolutely cannot live outside a woman’s womb, is somehow on a par with, much less the better of, an adult cow or pig or dog. All you have to do is look an adult dog or pig in the eye to recognize you’re dealing with a mature, highly developed, self-sustaining, thinking mammal whose existence has infinitely more in common with your own than does an embryo or early stage fetus. Yes, either eat all the animals or none of them; or at least use that dichotomy as a starting point for some deep thought about your place in the universe. Read more »