‘Murder Hornets’ Might Strike Terror in Humans, but These Frogs Can Eat Them for Lunch

Mary Randolph in Smithsonian Magazine:

For a mouse several times its size, a sting from the “murder hornet” is deadly. For a colony of honeybees, the insects are catastrophic. The hornet even ignited fear in humans several years ago, when it arrived in North America as an invasive species. But for the black-spotted pond frog, the largest hornet in the world is nothing but a harmless snack.

A new study, published December 3 in Ecosphere, tested the ability of the frog, native to Japan, to consume hornets and withstand their stings. The paper details pond frogs devouring murder hornets, among other species.

“While a mouse of similar size can die from a single sting, the frogs showed no noticeable harm, even after being stung repeatedly,” says Shinji Sugiura, the sole author of the study and an ecologist at Kobe University in Japan, in a statement. “This extraordinary level of resistance to powerful venom makes the discovery both unique and exciting.”

More here.

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China Is Going Big in the Race to Harness Fusion Energy

Raymond Zhong, Chris Buckley, Keith Bradsher, and Harry Stevens in the New York Times:

On a leafy campus in eastern China, crews are working day and night to finish a mammoth round structure with two sweeping arms the length of aircraft carriers.

On former rice fields in the country’s southwest, a hulking, X-shaped building is being built with equal urgency under great secrecy. That facility’s existence wasn’t widely known until researchers spotted it in satellite images a year or so ago.

Together, the colossal projects are China’s most ambitious efforts yet to harness an energy source that could transform civilization: fusion.

Fusion, the melding together of atoms to release extraordinary energy, uses fuels that are plentiful, carries no risk of meltdowns and leaves no long-lived radioactive waste. It promises near-limitless energy that might not only satisfy the surging demand for electricity to power artificial intelligence but also end reliance on the fossil fuels that are perilously overheating the planet.

More here.

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US health insurance premiums rose nearly 3x the rate of worker earnings over the past 25 years

Vivian Ho and Salpy Kanimian in The Conversation:

Some of the premium increases can be attributed to an increase in hospital outpatient visits and coverage of GLP-1 drugs. But research, including our own, suggests that premiums have rapidly escalated mostly because health system consolidation – when hospitals and other health care entities merge – has led hospitals to raise prices well above their costs.

Hospitals are aggressively raising their prices because hospital CEOs have incentives to do so.

One study found that for nonprofit health systems, the greatest pay increases between 2012 and 2019 went to hospital CEOs who grew the profits and size of their organizations the most. However, the financial reward of delivering above-average quality of care declined.

More here.

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How an antiviral defense mechanism may lead to Alzheimer’s

From Phys.Org:

One of the main proteins that contributes to Alzheimer’s disease is called phospho-tau (p-tau). When p-tau gets too many phosphate groups attached to it (a process called hyperphosphorylation), it starts to stick together and form clumps called “tangles” inside of brain nerve cells. A new study by Mass General Brigham investigators shows that tau hyperphosphorylation may be a consequence of an antiviral response that protects the brain from infection. Results are published in Nature Neuroscience.

“As a geneticist, I always wondered why humans had evolved gene mutations predisposing to Alzheimer’s disease,” said senior author Rudolph Tanzi, Ph.D., Director of the McCance Center for Brain Health and Genetics and Aging Research Unit in the Mass General Brigham Department of Neurology. “Our work indicates that many of the features of Alzheimer’s disease that we think of as only a pathological form may once have been protective.”

More here.

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Notes on American Fascism: Harold Brodkey’s prophecy

Colin Marshall in The Point:

Topical though its title may sound, Harold Brodkey’s 1992 essay “Notes on American Fascism” probably couldn’t be published today. Reading it, one can almost hear the inevitable editorial demands that its argument be “sharpened” (premised upon the assumption that an argument, rather than notes, is what it offers), or at least that the words of a geopolitical expert or two be shoehorned in to gin up a bit of academic-journalistic gravitas. Not that the essay seems to have been publishable even when Brodkey first wrote it, given that it only appeared several years later in his collection Sea Battles on Dry Land, published a few years after his death from AIDS in 1996. Nevertheless, when revisited more than three decades on, its torrent of portentous observation and speculation about the decline of the kind of liberalism Brodkey calls “the primary American tradition” now seems considerably less disposable than the many anxious prophesies of a fascist United States published more recently, during the reign of Donald Trump.

More here.

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Wednesday Poem

Foreign Heart

The redneck bartender
yells out “Like the singer
guy in Spanish?” This
intercepts all eyes

from the Army-Navy Game.
So what am I doing there,
Upstate, besides the beer.
“Laundry across the street.”

Country smiles all around.
Linda would say, “Maybe
you’re just mistaking.”
Maybe. Hate mysteries.

Beyond these rites,
the Hudson River Valley.
Next spring I will be
Forty years a foreigner.

by Julio Marzán
from El Coro
University of Massachusetts Press 1997

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Tuesday, December 16, 2025

What Happens When Gen Z Encounters Catullus’s Filthiest Poem?

Rachel DeWoskin at Literary Hub:

In this moment of especially rabid book banning, my high school senior has been translating Catullus in her Advanced Track (AT) Latin class. Catullus’s poems disappeared from the Western canon for centuries (likely because medieval Christian scribes avoided copying lurid pagan texts) yet were rediscovered and reprinted in the Renaissance, and are still alive millennia later, when would-be censors are long forgotten.

Catullus’s work shows us ourselves, in all our three-dimensional goodness and terribleness, and sometimes this vision, in 2025, comes as a fun vindication. Take Catullus’ bullying and yet vulnerable poem number 15, in which he admits, “I fear you, Aurelius, and your penis.” Jealous of and threatened by Aurelius, Catullus first euphemizes, entrusting Aurelius with the care of “my boy,” then morphing into the half plea/half threat that anthropomorphizes Aurelius’s penis (imagine the joy in the classroom) should it take advantage: “Because you let it go where it pleases, as it pleases, as much as you wish. When it is out, you are ready.”

My daughter, the lucky student called upon to translate these lines aloud, chatted openly with me after school about whether it would have been too colloquial to describe Aurelius’s penis as “at the ready.”

More here.

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Why Is Ice Slippery? A New Hypothesis

Paulina Rowińska at Quanta:

The reason we can gracefully glide on an ice-skating rink or clumsily slip on an icy sidewalk is that the surface of ice is coated by a thin watery layer. Scientists generally agree that this lubricating, liquidlike layer is what makes ice slippery. They disagree, though, about why the layer forms.

Three main theories about the phenomenon have been debated over the past two centuries. Earlier this year, researchers in Germany put forward a fourth hypothesis(opens a new tab) that they say solves the puzzle.

But does it? A consensus feels nearer but has yet to be reached. For now, the slippery problem remains open.

More here.

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Lessons of the Masters

Lyndall Gordon at The Hudson Review:

If you’re eccentric, you’re all right.” This is how Humphrey Carpenter, biographer of W. H. Auden, Ezra Pound and Benjamin Britten, explained the British character to me as an expatriate South African. It was 1993, and we were sitting at the table in my Oxford kitchen with a microphone between us. My role, as a fellow biographer, was to ask Humphrey questions, and his answers, he hoped, would provide material for an essay. Along with other speakers at a biography conference, he’d agreed to contribute a piece to The Art of Literary Biography (due to be delivered to Oxford University Press), but Humphrey had a problem. His confiding after-dinner talk had brought up the issue of fraught relations with a subject’s family.
 
The talk, entitled “What Discretion Forbids,” had been about his involvement with the Tolkien family, who had authorized a biography back in the seventies. This book, a bestseller, was not the one Humphrey wrote initially. A protective family had refused to accept his version of Tolkien’s life.

more here.

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How Tax Havens Undermine the Rule of Law by Providing the Rule of Law

Nikhil Kalyanpur at The Price of Power:

Historically, economic elites pushed for stronger courtsbetter property rights, and even elections. There was an underlying logic: elites are fundamentally afraid of the state expropriating them, and domestic political development — the rule of law, democracy — can restrain arbitrary government action.

But recent elites are at best indifferent and at worst complicit in the democratic backsliding of Russia, Hungary, Turkey, and now the United States. Some of that can surely be explained by today’s plutocrats expecting to make wins by aligning themselves with the government. Cash in some short-term gains for potential random punishment down the line.

But I think the main explanation is that elites no longer have the incentive to fight for the rule of law at home. They can buy it abroad.

More here.

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The Tune of Things

Christian Wiman at Harper’s Magazine:

A 1980 case study from England depicts a young man with an IQ of 126, excellent performance in his university classes, normal social skills, and basically no brain. Trees can anticipate, cooperate, and remember, in the ordinary sense of those terms. Albert Einstein credited all his major discoveries to music. Some people revived from apparent death report confirmable details they could not possibly have observed, at times far from their bodies. Cut a flatworm’s head off and it will not only regrow a new one but remember things only the lopped-off head had learned. The term “species” is increasingly meaningless. Ninety-five percent of physicists who won the Nobel Prize in the twentieth century believed in a god. A group of hotel cleaning staff showed significant improvements in blood pressure, weight, and body mass index after being told their work counted as exercise, though their levels of activity were unchanged. Until the Eighties, it was common practice in the United States to operate on infants without anesthesia, as it was believed their brains were not formed enough to feel pain. The human brain is the most complicated thing we know of in the universe, and the development of AI will have no bearing on this. The writer Fanny Howe died on July 8, 2025, at the age of eighty-four. Form is prior to matter. The first place was a voice. There is no such thing as stillness.

more here.

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Khan in the Dark

Peter Bach in CounterPunch:

The persistent rumours that imprisoned Pakistani politician Imran Khan is dead have been crackling away like Lahore firecrackers these past few weeks. They feel less like revelations than the arrival of something long predicted. Or are they just the manifestations of an over-inventive public and mistrusted military?

Khan, if still alive, has come to resemble Julian Assange when Assange was in confinement. He is not so much an Assange-like selfless warrior as a nonetheless remarkable human being living only a parallel existence to the rest of us. He has become, in the public imagination at least, a man shimmering darkly from his prison cell like a character in a gothic novel.

And to think that Imran Khan was remarkable even before politics propelled him into this other light—now darkness—of a country that never seems truly at ease with itself. Remember, Pakistan emerged through a combination of Jinnah’s political leadership, British colonial decision-making, and the wider politics of Indian nationalism, communal angst, and the snuffing out of empire.

More here.

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AI Chatbots Choose Friends Just Like Humans Do

Edd Gent in Singularity Hub:

As AI wheedles its way into our lives, how it behaves socially is becoming a pressing question. A new study suggests AI models build social networks in much the same way as humans. Tech companies are enamored with the idea that agents—autonomous bots powered by large language models—will soon work alongside humans as digital assistants in everyday life. But for that to happen, these agents will need to navigate the humanity’s complex social structures.

This prospect prompted researchers at Arizona State University to investigate how AI systems might approach the delicate task of social networking. In a recent paper in PNAS Nexus, the team reports that models such as GPT-4, Claude, and Llama seem to behave like humans by seeking out already popular peers, connecting with others via existing friends, and gravitating towards those similar to them. “We find that [large language models] not only mimic these principles but do so with a degree of sophistication that closely aligns with human behaviors,” the authors write.

More here.

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Tuesday Poem

Le Chien

I remember late one night in Paris
speaking at length to a dog in English
about the future of American culture.

No wonder she kept cocking her head
as I went on about “summer movies”
and the intolerable poetry of my compatriots.

I was standing and she was sitting
on a dim street in front of a butcher shop,
and come to think of it, she could have been waiting

for the early morning return of the lambs
and the bleeding sides of beef
to their hooks in the window.

For my part, I had mixed my drinks,
trading in the tulip of wine
for the sharp nettles of whiskey.

Why else would I be wasting my time
and hers trying to explain “corn dog,”
“white walls,” and “March of Dimes”?

She showed such patience for a dog
without breeding while I went on—
in a whisper now after shouts from a window—

about “helmet laws” and “tag sale,”
wishing I had my camera
so I could take a picture of her home with me.

On the loopy way back to my hotel—
after some long and formal goodbyes—
I kept thinking how I would have loved

to hang her picture over the mantle,
where my maternal grandmother
now looks down from her height as always,

silently complaining about the choice of the frame.
Then, before dinner each evening
I could stand before the image of that very dog,

a glass of wine in hand,
submitting all of my troubles and petitions
to the court of her dark-brown, forgiving eyes.

by Billy Collins
@AbeBooks

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Monday, December 15, 2025

In Malaysia, Muslim Trans Women Find Their Own Paths

Gréta Tímea Biró at Sapiens:

Dora and I walked through the quiet nighttime streets of Chow Kit, a downtown neighborhood in Kuala Lumpur. Pungent food smells mingled with the sweet scent of fruit and flowers from a nearby market. Abandoned rainbow-colored confetti shivering under the dim, yellowish streetlights reminded us of some celebration that took place earlier. 

In the 1970s and 1980s, Chow Kit was a bustling red-light district. Today only around 15 to 20 sex workers can be seen on any given night, according to Dora. The decline is due to a worsening economy and increased surveillance by Islamic authorities.

“Most hide from the religious police in these rundown buildings, hoping to find clients using apps,” she said. As we passed a police station, Dora explained that officers required bribes from each sex worker to allow them to work. A local mafioso further exploited them, demanding “protection money” while offering no real security.

More here.

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The Doppelgänger who wants a Doppelgänger

Muhammad Aurangzeb Ahmad at Digital Dopplegangers:

Most current digital doppelgängers, for all practical purposes, are automatons i.e., their behavior is relatively fixed with relatively well defined boundaries. I would argue that this is a feature and not a bug. The fixed nature of the automata is what gives them the feeling of familiarity. Now imagine if we were to take away this assumption and tried to incorporate semblance of some of autonomy in digital doppelgängers. In other words we would be allowing it to evolve and make its own decisions while staying true to the original person that it is based upon. A digital self trained on a person’s emails, messages, journals, and conversations may approximate that person’s style, but approximation is not equivalent to being the same. Over time, the model encounters friction e.g., queries it cannot answer cleanly, emotional tones it cannot reconcile, contradictions it can detect but not resolve. If we let the digital doppelgänger evolve to address these challenges, divergence between the model and the original will start to emerge until one point one is forced to admit that one is no longer dealing with a representation of the same person. What if it not an outsider interlocutor that comes upon this realization but the digital clone itself?

More here.

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