The 34 most anticipated movies of the summer

Michael O’Sullivan in The Washington Post:

The Phoenician Scheme:

Starring: Benicio Del Toro, Mia Threapleton, Michael Cera, Riz Ahmed, Tom Hanks, Bryan Cranston, Mathieu Amalric, Richard Ayoade, Jeffrey Wright, Scarlett Johansson, Benedict Cumberbatch, Rupert Friend, Hope Davis.

Wes Anderson’s latest star-studded, clockwork-choreographed romp follows Zsa-zsa Korda (Del Toro), a European arms and aviation magnate who appoints his daughter, Liesl (Threapleton), a nun, as his sole heir, bypassing nine sons. Meanwhile, Korda must thwart business rivals, con men, terrorists and assassins as he embarks on the most important business venture of his lifetime, set in the modern independent state of Phoenicia, a fictional Middle Eastern country on the equally mythical Gulf of Methuselah. Two minutes into the whimsy-filled trailer, a banner reading “Happy New Year 1949” flashes — the date of the armistice that ended the first Arab-Israeli War. Could this be the director’s first political film?

More here.

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These contact lenses give people infrared vision — even with their eyes shut

Elizabeth Gibney in Nature:

Humans have a new way of seeing infrared light, without the need for clunky night-vision goggles. Researchers have made the first contact lenses to convey infrared vision — and the devices work even when people have their eyes closed.

The team behind the invention, led by scientists at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) in Hefei, gave the lenses their power by infusing them with nanoparticles that convert near-infrared light in the 800–1,600-nanometre range into shorter-wavelength, visible light that humans can see, in the 400–700-nanometre range. The researchers estimate that the lenses cost around US$200 per pair to make. The technology, which was detailed in Cell on 22 May1, “is incredibly cool, just like something out of a science-fiction movie”, says Xiaomin Li, a chemist at Fudan University in Shanghai, China. It opens up “new possibilities for understanding the world around us”, he adds.

Pros and cons

Near-infrared light sits just outside the range of wavelengths that humans can normally detect. Some animals can sense infrared light, although probably not well enough to form images. Night-vision goggles enable humans to see infrared radiation, but they are bulky and require a power source to work. The new lenses avoid these limitations while also offering richer, multi-coloured infrared images that night-vision goggles, which operate on a monochrome green scale, typically do not.

More here.

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Thursday, May 22, 2025

The 2025 International Booker Prize

Cal Flyn at Five Books:

Every year, judges for the International Booker Prize search for the best works of fiction translated into English over the previous twelve months. We asked Anton Hur, the novelist, translator and 2025 judge, to talk us through the six-book shortlist—including five novels and this year’s winner, the first short story collection ever to triumph.

CF: Thank you for joining us to discuss the 2025 International Booker Prize shortlist: five novels and a short story collection. The judges for the International Booker must get an incredible sense of current fiction output all around the world. Were there any patterns or trends in the submissions that surprised you?

AH: Oh, yes. Lots. Beth [Orton] was the judge who had the best eye for this, but if I were to take a stab at it myself, the theme that stood out for me was the many ruminations of what it means to be human in our current era, as there is so much dehumanising going on in both the UK and around the world, with migrants dying in transit, multiple genocides, the environment collapsing, the ravages of Covid-19, and other global events that affect all of us.

And I must say that the least surprising thing was the plethora of fantastic translations by a plethora of fantastic translators.

More here.

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Sean Carroll’s Mindscape Podcast: Branden Fitelson on the Logic and Use of Probability

Sean Carroll at Preposterous Universe:

Every time you see an apple spontaneously break away from a tree, it falls downward. You therefore claim that there is a law of physics: apples fall downward from trees. But how can you really know? After all, tomorrow you might see an apple that falls upward. How is science possible at all? Philosophers, as you might expect, have thought hard about this. Branden Fitelson explains how a better understanding of probability can help us decide when new evidence is actually confirming our beliefs.

More here.

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Thursday Poem

Om — after Rumi

The great hum
you hear
is the universe
doing its work.
Listen:
it is echoed
in your heart

but

I cannot read this book the earth
I cannot reach this peak the sky
I cannot plumb this well my heart
I cannot fully open “I”

by Johanna Jordan
from Small Poems, 2006


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A Comparison of Two Large, Lapsed, Democracies

Pranab Bardhan at his own Substack:

Many Indians are never tired of telling others that theirs is the largest democracy in the world, just as many Americans, at least until very recently, would tell you that theirs is the ‘greatest’ democracy. There is considerable doubt now if either country can be called a democracy.

Much, of course, depends on what you mean by democracy. Even among democracy theorists there is a dispute about definitions. For example, for theorists like Robert Dahl or Adam Przeworski, as long as there are contested elections, and there is a chance of the incumbent losing and having lost, of accepting the electoral defeat, the country is definitely a democracy. For other theorists what happens in between elections, particularly on vital matters like freedom of expression and rights of minorities and dissenters, determines if a country is democratic or not.

By the first criteria it is arguable that the US is still a democracy, although elections have long been seriously circumscribed by widespread gerrymandering of electoral constituencies and by the role of big money in election funding that makes barriers to entry for neophytes rather high; and in spite of Trump’s atrocious denial of defeat in 2020, he after all left the White House at that time to come back to a more decisive victory in 2024.

More here.

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Woolfish Perception

Henry Oliver in Liberties:

Virginia Woolf might be at once the English novelist who is the most accomplished and the most shrugged off. The characters of Mrs Dalloway were never going to appear on cigarette cards, as Dickens’ characters did. Orlando even irritated Elizabeth Bowen (because it had too many in-jokes for Vita Sackville-West). Admirers must admit that, as Penelope Fitzgerald said, Woolf’s techniques were taken as far as they could go. She had the genius to exhaust a whole line of artistic inquiry, and many have felt exhausted by her.

And she was personally unlikeable: racist, snobbish, uncharitable, snide, a malicious gossip. Perhaps her feminism rankled readers, but that her nastiness has put off a great many more is surely undeniable. This is the Virginia Woolf we think we know: hard to read, easy to hate. That is the image of her which has calcified in popular imagination. But the image of her is an artifact we have created, and the women, her books, and her world are stranger to contemporary readers than they have been to any previous ones.

More here.

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How a scientist who studies ‘super agers’ exercises for a longer life

Gretchen Reynolds in The Washington Post:

Seventeen years ago, Eric Topol, a cardiologist and founder of the Scripps Research Translational Institute in the La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, set out to discover why some people age so well, when others don’t. Aged 53 at the time, Topol considered healthy aging to be of deep scientific — and personal — interest. He also suspected the answer was genetic. So, with colleagues, he spent more than six years sequencing the genomes of about 1,400 people in their 80s or older with no major chronic diseases. All qualified, Topol felt, as “Super Agers.”

But they shared few, if any, genetic similarities, he and his colleagues found, meaning DNA didn’t explain their super aging. So, what did, Topol and his colleagues wondered? His new book, “Super Agers: An Evidence-based Approach to Longevity,” is his answer. Synthesizing hundreds of studies about health, disease and aging, his book talks about a future where advanced drugs, biochemistry and artificial intelligence should allow us to turn back the clock and slow how rapidly we age.

More here.

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Wednesday, May 21, 2025

What we get wrong about Mark Twain

Michael Dirda in the Washington Post:

It’s said that when “War and Peace” was finished and about to be published, Tolstoy looked at the huge book and suddenly exclaimed, “The yacht race! I forgot to put in the yacht race!” At 1,174 pages, Ron Chernow’s “Mark Twain” is essentially the same length as “War and Peace,” but seemingly nothing has been overlooked or left out. Normally, this would be a signal weakness in a biography — shape and form do matter — but Chernow writes with such ease and clarity that even long sections on, say, Twain’s business ventures prove horribly fascinating as the would-be tycoon descends, with Sophoclean inexorability, into financial collapse and bankruptcy.

Overall, Chernow’s “Mark Twain” is less a literary biography than a deep dive into “the most original character in American history.” Born in 1835, Samuel Langhorne Clemens, who adopted the pen name Mark Twain, was by turns a printer, steamboat pilot, journalist, stand-up storyteller, best-selling author, publisher, political pundit, champion of racial equality and all-around scourge of authoritarianism.

More here.  [Free registration required.]

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Capuchin monkeys are stealing howler monkey babies in weird fad

Sofia Quaglia in New Scientist:

Capuchin monkeys on a remote Panamanian island are abducting babies from howler monkey families, in a first-of-its-kind trend.

The wild population of white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus imitator) living on Jicarón Island has been monitored with 86 motion cameras since 2017 to capture their sophisticated use of stone tools to crack open hard fruits, nuts and shellfish. Five years into recording the footage, in 2022, a researcher noticed one of the young male capuchin monkeys with an infant monkey from another species clinging to its back. This capuchin, nicknamed Joker, picked up at least four baby howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata coibensis) over four months, sometimes holding onto them for more than a week.

At first, the researchers thought it was a case of “one individual who maybe is a little weird or a little quirky”, says Zoë Goldsborough from the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, who spotted the behaviour. “We didn’t expect to find this.”

Then, five months after they saw Joker with an infant, four other young male capuchins were found carrying around howler babies. Over 15 months, the capuchin group took in 11 howler babies younger than four weeks old.

More here.

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Smallpox: The Rise and Decline of a Deadly Plague

Gerald Early at The Common Reader:

On February 24, 1947, Eugene Le Bar began a bus trip from Mexico City that would take him to New York. By March 1, when he arrives in New York he was not feeling very well but went sightseeing nonetheless, coming in contact with lots of people. On March 10, he died in Willard Parker hospital from the rare but extremely deadly hemorrhagic smallpox. Only five percent of smallpox cases take this intensely virulent form, so it is not surprising that Le Bar’s case was originally misdiagnosed. Overall, twelve persons were infected with traditional, not hemorrhagic, smallpox (with a much higher survival rate) from Le Bar’s ring of contacts; two died. The infection rate was low because New York embarked on a mass vaccination effort to prevent the spread of the disease. Six million New Yorkers were vaccinated against smallpox in the spring of 1947, an enormous accomplishment by the local public health service employees and hospital personnel as shots were given around the clock to prevent an epidemic.

More here.

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How much ultra-processed food do you eat? Blood and urine record it

Smriti Mallapaty in Nature:

Molecules in urine and blood can reveal how much of a person’s diet comes from ultra-processed foods, according to a study published in PLOS Medicine today1. The paper suggests that these measurements provide an objective way to track consumption of ultra-processed food — and would be useful for investigating links to diseases such as diabetes and cancer.

Ultra-processed foods are industrially manufactured and often contain ingredients, such as additives and emulsifiers, that are not typically found in home-cooked food. From sweetened yogurts to factory-made bread and packaged snacks, “it’s a really wide range of foods”, says study co-author Erikka Loftfield, an epidemiologist at the US National Cancer Institute in Rockville, Maryland. Studies have linked high consumption of ultra-processed food to an increased risk of obesity2, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and some types of cancer3. But these investigations have typically relied on asking individuals to remember what they have eaten, which can be unreliable. Studies have also shown the potential of studying the products of metabolism excreted in the blood and urine, but only for a small number of such metabolites4,5. Loftfield and her colleagues have now expanded that analysis to include more than 1,000 metabolites, which are produced when the body converts food into energy.

More here.

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Wednesday Poem

Currencies

You will not need the pieces of paper
that used to define
you: the deeds, the degrees, the diplomas.
Leave them behind.

Leave, too, your dollars and coins.
Now your currency will be clementines
and tangerines. The ferrymen
prefer fruit.

You spent decades struggling against your shape,
but now you will be grateful for the extra calories stored
in your hips, the strength
in your stocky thighs.

Dig into your long-neglected
backpacking equipment for your waterproof
matches and purification tablets.
Hope for the best.

Sew seeds into your hemlines.
Seeds will be the new gemstones.
Take all your needles and strong thread.
Cut your hair haphazardly.

Fill your small shampoo bottle with champagne.
You’ll need it for disinfectant.
Pour yourself a glass of wine; admire
the crystal in the candlelight.

Sink into sleep,
one last night of softness
before you strap your sturdy
boots to your feet to set forth.

by Kristin Berkey-Abbott
from Rattle Magazine

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Tuesday, May 20, 2025

Yasmin Zaher wins Dylan Thomas prize with her novel “The Coin”

Ella Creamer in The Guardian:

A novel about a Palestinian woman who participates in a pyramid scheme reselling Birkin bags has won this year’s Swansea University Dylan Thomas prize.

Palestinian journalist Yasmin Zaher took home the £20,000 prize – awarded to writers aged 39 or under in honour of the Welsh poet Dylan Thomas, who died at that age – for her debut novel The Coin. She was announced as the winner at a ceremony in Swansea, Thomas’s birthplace.

The Coin, chosen in a unanimous decision by judges, “is a borderless novel, tackling trauma and grief with bold and poetic moments of quirkiness and humour”, said writer and judging chair Namita Gokhale. “It fizzes with electric energy”, with Zaher bringing “complexity and intensity to the page through her elegantly concise writing”.

Born in 1991 in Jerusalem, Zaher studied biomedical engineering at Yale University and creative writing at the New School, where she was advised by the novelist Katie Kitamura.

More here.

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Matt Ridley: CRISPR announcement is great moment in medical history

Matt Ridley at Rational Optimist Society:

The announcement last week that a nine-month-old baby in Philadelphia has been cured of a rare genetic disorder by gene editing is a great moment in medical history. For the first time, doctors have altered a gene inside many cells in the liver of a living human being using CRISPR, the molecular tool borrowed from microbes that can home in on particular DNA sequences and in some cases alter them.

It reinforces my view that biotechnology, applied to medicine, represents the greatest opportunity for innovation, and the greatest hope for rational optimism in the current generation. More so, perhaps, even than artificial intelligence (AI).

The baby, known as KJ, lacked a working copy of a gene vital for processing protein in food. This meant that even with a very low protein diet, he would probably die young or face mental and physical disability – even if he could get a liver transplant when a little older. Today, after the experimental treatment, he is thriving.

More here.

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Can We Trust Social Science Yet?

Ryan Briggs at Asterisk:

Ideally, policy and program design is a straightforward process: a decision-maker faces a problem, turns to peer-reviewed literature, and selects interventions shown to work. In reality, that’s rarely how things unfold. The popularity of “evidence-based medicine” and other “evidence-based” topics highlights our desire for empirical approaches — but would the world actually improve if those in power consistently took social science evidence seriously? It brings me no joy to tell you that, at present, I think the answer is usually “no.”

Given the current state of evidence production in the social sciences, I believe that many — perhaps most — attempts to use social scientific evidence to inform policy will not lead to better outcomes. This is not because of politics or the challenges of scaling small programs. The problem is more immediate. Much of social science research is of poor quality, and sorting the trustworthy work from bad work is difficult, costly, and time-consuming.

But it is necessary.

More here.

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