Soaring wealth inequality has remade the map of American prosperity

Tom Kemeny at The Conversation:

One need only glance at headlines about Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk and other super-wealthy individuals to understand that wealth in America is increasingly concentrated in fewer and fewer hands. Inequality is sharply on the rise.

Until now, however, little has been known about where the richest households are located, which cities are the most unequal and how these trends have evolved.

In a new analysis I conducted with my colleagues, we reveal where wealth is most concentrated within and between communities, cities and states. The result is GEOWEALTH-US – the first data that tracks the geography of wealth in the United States and how it has changed since 1960.

The overall picture is worrying. The wealthiest cities in the U.S. are now almost seven times richer than the poorest regions, a disparity that has almost doubled since 1960. Meanwhile, especially in urban coastal areas, wealth has become highly concentrated in the hands of a few. The picture from the geography of wealth suggests we are even more divided than we thought.

More here.

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Dear Donald Trump: A letter from Nature on how to make science thrive

The Editorial Board in Nature:

US science has been transformational for the United States and for the world. Research today is a hugely collaborative enterprise. The big discoveries and innovations happen when researchers are able to communicate with, learn from, visit, and live and work with researchers in different countries. This allows for the efficient exchange of knowledge and for the best and brightest to work together no matter where they happen to have been born, giving breakthroughs the best chance of success. We urge you and your administration to ensure that the United States continues to welcome researchers from all parts of the world.

Mr President-elect, science is a self-correcting process in which bad actors and wrong ideas sooner or later get rooted out and fuzzy evidence becomes sharper. That is the joy and the beauty of the method that has made the modern world what it is.

The more you can support science, the better it will be for the United States and its people — and, ultimately, for the planet on which we all depend. If you can do that, it will be a positive legacy for your administration.

With best regards, the editors of Nature.

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Death of David Lynch: Mind-bending Twin Peaks Director

Alex Taylor at BBC Culture:

David Lynch once said he was inspired to become a filmmaker when, while painting, he inexplicably heard a gust of wind and saw the artwork move on canvas.

The moment defined his obsession with “seeing paintings move”, but also his flair for the bizarre – twisting realities on the small and big screen for almost 40 years. The 78-year-old US director, who has died months after announcing an emphysema diagnosis, became the contemporary face of weird, unsettling worlds often hidden within everyday society – from TV series Twin Peaks to films like Blue Velvet, Mulholland Drive and Inland Empire. A self-professed daydreamer, Lynch burst onto the scene via the midnight movie circuit with 1977’s Eraserhead. The disorientating horror, a comment on male paranoia, set the layered template that ran through his work.

more here.

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Friday Poem

The Reading Partner

something in the mirror against truncated
shadows falling on surfaces, after I lost interest
in cleaning, all over the house a smell of dust
spoke our history, and in this arrangement
you borrowed a book, touched it once, the blurb
wilting unfinished the plot did not thicken,
leaving the silence fencing words, when the
reading hours were fearfully small, a dearth
of longer loans of time, this minority of passion set
a major drawback, I never said I loved you,

in digressions, exegesis, notations you vanished.

by Rizwan Akhtar

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The Art of Poetic Reference

Elisa Gabbert at the NYT:

Here is some of the greatest, most practical advice I’ve heard on how to start reading poetry: “A poem is best read in the light of all the other poems ever written. We read A the better to read B (we have to start somewhere; we may get very little out of A). We read B the better to read C, C the better to read D, D the better to go back and get something more out of A.”

These lines come from Robert Frost’s brief essay “The Prerequisites,” on first encountering and not understanding — not fully — an Emerson poem. Some 50 years later, “the poem turned up again” and lo, it made more sense, “all but two lines of it.” The working and thinking we do in a lifetime equips us, but even toward the end of life, we’ll never be perfectly equipped, so we might as well get comfortable with partial understanding.

The worldview this suggests is as freeing as believing in fate. It teaches trust and patience, since any poem has things to show us about the others.

more here.

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Thursday, January 16, 2025

Why We Have Prison Gangs

David Skarbek interviewed at Asterisk:

Asterisk: I wanted to start by asking you about your work on prison gangs in California. How did these gangs come to be?

David Skarbek: Gangs play a dominant role in the California prison system and have a big impact on the day-to-day life of people working and living within them. But that hasn’t always been the case.

California had prisons for more than 100 years with no prison gangs. But today, when someone enters prison in California, they have almost no choice but to affiliate with racially segregated groups that operate under umbrellas of larger, more established, and very powerful prison gangs. And these gangs provide rules on how people can interact in social and communal life, as well as regulating the underground economy.

Now, the vast majority of people who affiliate or align with Hispanics in Southern California prisons are not actually members of, say, the Mexican Mafia. And that holds true across each of most of these traditional, notorious prison gangs — there are relatively few people in charge of things. But because of their control of prisons, they’ve been able to leverage a credible threat of violence that generates a tremendous amount of power and influence, both within prisons but also among those dealing drugs outside of prison.

More here.

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Even 1 drink a day elevates your cancer risk – an expert on how alcohol affects the body breaks down a new government report

Nikki Crowley at The Conversation:

The association between alcohol and cancer isn’t new news – scientists have been trying to determine the link for decades – yet most people aren’t aware of the risks and may only associate drinking with liver disease like cirrhosis. In a 2019 survey from the American Institute for Cancer Research, less than half of Americans identified alcohol as a risk factor for cancer.

Alcohol is the third-most preventable cause of cancer in the U.S, putting it just behind tobacco and obesity. As the surgeon general’s report highlights, alcohol is associated with approximately 100,000 cancer cases and 20,000 cancer deaths every year, playing a role in breast, liver, colorectal, mouth, throat, esophagus and voice box cancer cases. Alcohol-induced cancer deaths outnumber alcohol-associated traffic crash fatalities every year.

More here.

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The “Terrorists” in My Grandmother’s Neighborhood

Alex Shams in the Boston Review:

Down a tree-lined street near my grandmother’s house in Tehran is a mosque where locals go to chat, rest, and sometimes even pray. In the back of the mosque, behind a small library, is an office for a youth group that organizes volunteers to teach classes, run food drives, get together on religious holidays, and take trips to impoverished villages on Tehran’s outskirts to build schools. Whenever I visit my grandmother’s house during Muharram, a holy month for Shia Muslims, I see its members handing out food and sweets. The group has branches in most mosques across Iran: within a twenty-minute walk from my grandmother’s house, there are probably half a dozen. They receive a government budget, and they host political events, like celebrations of the anniversary of the 1979 Revolution. Millions of Iranians are members; many are teenagers or young adults, separated into boys’ and girls’ groups.

The group is called the Basij. It is classified by both the U.S. and Israeli governments as a terrorist organization—meaning that under those country’s laws, every one of its members is considered a terrorist. The Basij have always inspired a mixture of fear and fascination in me. As a branch of Iran’s Revolutionary Guards, they are considered the Iranian government’s enforcers at the neighborhood level, taking part in patrols looking for contraband like guns and alcohol, dressing in camouflage, and setting up checkpoints on the weekends.

More here.

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The Surprisingly Sunny Origins of the Frankfurt School

Thomas Meaney in The New Yorker:

Benjamin and Lācis’s “Naples” gives its readers a glimpse of a unified world of cross-relationships, in which discontinuous elements are somehow all implicated in one another and intermingled. In their telling, Naples, with its “rich barbarism,” blissfully flouted the bourgeois norms of northern Europe without knowing it. Streets were treated as living rooms and living rooms were treated as streets; festivals invaded every working day; the division between night and day was never neatly observed. To Benjamin and Lācis’s delight, Neapolitans had not received the news about the evacuation of the sacred from the modern world. In one of the article’s scenes, a Catholic priest accused of indecent offenses is described being led down a street while a crowd shouts insults at him. Suddenly, when a wedding procession passes by, the priest gives the sign of a blessing, and his pursuers fall to their knees.

More here.

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Cancer’s New Face: Younger and Female

Roni Rabin in The New York Times:

More Americans are surviving cancer, but the disease is striking young and middle-aged adults and women more frequently, the American Cancer Society reported on Thursday.

And despite overall improvements in survival, Black and Native Americans are dying of some cancers at rates two to three times higher than those among white Americans.

These trends represent a marked change for an illness that has long been considered a disease of aging, and which used to affect far more men than women. The shifts reflect declines in smoking-related cancers and prostate cancer among older men and a disconcerting rise in cancer in people born since the 1950s.

More here.

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Thursday Poem

The Owl and the Lightning

— Brooklyn, NY

No pets in the projects,
the lease said,
and the contraband salamanders
shriveled on my pillow overnight.
I remember a Siamese cat, surefooted
I was told, who slipped from a window ledge
and became a red bundle
bulging in the arms of a janitor.

This was the law on the night
the owl was arrested.
He landed on the top floor,
through the open window
of apartment 14-E across the hall,
a solemn white bird bending the curtain rod.
In the cackling glow of the television,
his head swiveled, his eye black.
The cops were called, and threw a horse blanket
over the owl, a bundle kicking.

Soon after, lightning jabbed the building,
hit apartment 14-E, scattering bricks from the roof
like beads from a broken necklace.
The sky blasted white, detonation of thunder.
Ten years old at the window, I knew then that God
was not the man in my mother’s holy magazines,
touching fingertips to dying foreheads
with the half-smile of an athlete signing autographs.
God must be an owl, electricity
coursing through the hollow bones,
a white wing brushing the building.

by Martin Espada
from
Touching the Fire
Anchor Books 1998

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Wednesday, January 15, 2025

Another Look Into ‘The Shop Around The Corner’

Gustavo Pérez Firmat at Bennington Review:

Lubitsch scholars have often remarked on the simplicity of The Shop Around the Corner. This is true in a technical sense. There are no trick angles, long shots, travelings, flashbacks, elaborate sets. The story was filmed sequentially in less than a month. In an interview in the New York Sun, Lubitsch called it “a quiet little story that seemed to have some charm.” His remark alludes to the comical, error-ridden romance between two shop employees. But there is a second storyline, less discussed, whose protagonist is Matuschek (Frank Morgan), the owner of the shop. If one watches through his eyes, one sees a different movie than the romantic comedy that it’s universally taken to be. From this perspective, there is nothing funny or romantic about the film. Pauline Kael distinguished between the plays and the screenplays of Samson Raphaelson, who wrote the script, by noting that the former are not lighthearted: “They aspired to be more than comedies; there was always a serious kernel.” His screenplay for The Shop Around the Corner is an exception to Kael’s rule, for the Matuschek material contains a kernel of seriousness buried inside a comedy.

more here.

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Ethel Cain’s American Gothic

Emily Bootle at The New Statesman:

If you want to make it big as a musician today, there are several criteria you might try to meet. A clearly defined aesthetic. A readiness to become an “icon”. And songs easily truncated for social media posts, preferably with references to the zeitgeist or memorable lyrics that can themselves help to shape it.

Ethel Cain certainly meets the first two. The 26-year-old American singer-songwriter, whose real name is Hayden Anhedönia, broke through in 2022 with her debut album, Preacher’s Daughter, a concept record centred on a fictional woman – the character of Ethel, who Anhedönia says “possessed” her – who is making sense of her past as the abused daughter of a small-town pastor and navigating a love affair with the evil Isaiah. With flowing dark hair and sharp features, her vibe is heavy on the Southern Gothic: laced corsets, Bible references and exorcisms evoking an expansive, dusty and totally absorbing Americana. The songs blend 1990s grunge with doom metal, bedroom pop and sad-girl poetry; thick with nostalgia and intrigue, they speak directly to an online generation while showing a deft songwriting ability worthy of old-school critical respect. Cain grew up online, and was already gaining a fandom there by the time she released the album, which followed three self-released EPs. When she released Preacher’s Daughter, it became an instant cult classic.

more here.

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The Weight of a Stone

Megan Craig in The American Scholar:

Philosophers have not been particularly attentive to stones. This might be surprising given the myth of the philosopher’s stone—a magical rock that, when ground into a powder or made into an elixir, was said to grant immortality or turn things to gold. Alchemy was at the heart of the ancients’ infatuation with stones. In our modern era of chemistry, physics, and the scientific method, such ideas are considered outlandish. We’ve grown too rational for alchemy. Stones are simply stones. Stony. Not magic. Not babies.

I agree, and yet there is something about the idea of transmutation that I can’t quite give up. It’s not that I think a stone will actually come to life. It’s not even that I believe in the legend of wishing stones, the smooth gray rocks ringed with wavering white lines that I collected as a child. I certainly don’t expect to find a lifesaving ruby that grants immortality or turns things to gold, neither of which I would even want. What interests me are the feelings of hesitation and unknowing that I sense when I examine a stone.

More here.

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New Research Shows AI Strategically Lying

Billy Perrigo in Time:

The paper adds to a small but growing body of evidence that today’s most advanced AI models are becoming capable of strategic deception. Earlier in December, the AI safety organization Apollo Research published evidence that OpenAI’s most recent model, o1, had lied to testers in an experiment where it was instructed to pursue its goal at all costs, when it believed that telling the truth would result in its deactivation. That finding, the researchers said, came from a contrived scenario unlikely to occur in real life. Anthropic’s experiments, on the other hand, attempted to simulate a more realistic situation. Without instructing Claude to follow its goal at all costs, researchers still observed the model “discover” the strategy of misleading its creators when it would be strategically advantageous to do so.

“There has been this long-hypothesized failure mode, which is that you’ll run your training process, and all the outputs will look good to you, but the model is plotting against you,” says Ryan Greenblatt, a member of technical staff at Redwood Research and the lead author on the paper. The paper, Greenblatt says, “makes a pretty big step towards demonstrating what that failure mode could look like and how it could emerge naturally.”

More here.

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