Robert Pape at Escalation Trap:
Across more than a century of modern warfare, one pattern stands out for its consistency. In war after war, cities have burned, infrastructure has collapsed, leaders have been targeted from the sky. Yet no regime in modern history has fallen solely because it was bombed from the air.
In international politics, 100 percent patterns are rare. Military outcomes vary. Leaders miscalculate. Technology shifts balances. But here the record is uniform. From Hamburg to Baghdad to Belgrade, strategic bombing has inflicted devastation without producing regime collapse.
That uniformity demands explanation.
More here.
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