The ideological implications of China’s economic success

Branko Milanovic over at his Substack:

This essay is a (modest) attempt to look at the worldwide meaning of China’s experience as the country is being poised to become this year or the next, according to the official World Bank classification, a high-income economy. This comes forty-six years after China –following several decades of isolation—joined the Word Bank as a low-income country. It thus went from the bottom to the top income classification within less than half-a-century. Moreover, it did so while bringing along more than 1 billion people (the average population of China during this forty-five years’ journey).

But I will not, in this short essay, look at these numbers They are discussed in thousands of publications, including in the first chapter of my Great Global Transformation (published by Penguin in November 2025; US edition, by Chicago University Press, coming out in two weeks). I would try to look at what it means from a different, very long-term ideological angle. In other words, what it might seem to have accomplished to people one or several centuries remote from ours. Indeed, when we look at big historical events like Visigothic invasion of Western Europe, Arab conquest of North Africa and the Iberian peninsula, the fall of Constantinople, or European colonization of Africa and Asia, we do not see only the political and economic side of such world-transforming events. We see their ideological importance too.

More here.

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