[{"id":312090,"date":"2026-09-22T13:45:34","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T17:45:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=312090"},"modified":"2026-09-22T03:07:57","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T07:07:57","slug":"our-brain-evolved-from-two-primitive-nervous-systems-that-merged","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/our-brain-evolved-from-two-primitive-nervous-systems-that-merged.html","title":{"rendered":"Our brain evolved from two primitive nervous systems that merged"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Alice Klein at <em>New Scientist<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-312091\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SEI_312848573-360x240.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SEI_312848573-360x240.png 360w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SEI_312848573-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SEI_312848573-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/SEI_312848573.png 837w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/>Our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/topic\/brain\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">brain<\/a> may be a hybrid of two ancient nervous systems that were packaged together hundreds of millions of years ago. This is based on the finding that the front and back brain regions in people and several other species develop from two distinct cell types in embryos, instead of sharing the same developmental origin, as previously thought.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\u201cOur research suggests that evolution took two existing neural systems and pushed them together spatially,\u201d says <a href=\"https:\/\/profiles.stanford.edu\/kyle-loh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kyle Loh<\/a> at Stanford University in California. \u201cHaving the brain as one organ would probably be more efficient, but we rely on this primordial way to make the brain as two separate pieces.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>More <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2589739-our-brain-evolved-from-two-primitive-nervous-systems-that-merged\/?utm_campaign=RSS%7CNSNS&amp;utm_content=home&amp;utm_medium=RSS&amp;utm_source=NSNS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alice Klein at New Scientist: Our brain may be a hybrid of two ancient nervous systems that were packaged together hundreds of millions of years ago. This is based on the finding that the front and back brain regions in people and several other species develop from two distinct cell types in embryos, instead of&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5918],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-312090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recommended-reading","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312090","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=312090"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312090\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":312093,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312090\/revisions\/312093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=312090"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=312090"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=312090"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":312133,"date":"2026-09-22T12:48:09","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T16:48:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=312133"},"modified":"2026-09-22T11:50:42","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T15:50:42","slug":"hearing-gould","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/hearing-gould.html","title":{"rendered":"Hearing Gould"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Alan Jacobs at the <em>Hedgehog Review<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-312134 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/4993350520_0394345838_b-360x270.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/4993350520_0394345838_b-360x270.jpg 360w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/4993350520_0394345838_b-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/4993350520_0394345838_b-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/4993350520_0394345838_b.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/>My friend Elizabeth Corey, a pianist as well as a political philosopher, tells me, \u201cYou can\u2019t unhear Gould.\u201d A simple but important statement. The music of Canadian pianist Glenn Gould (1932\u20131982) is so distinctive, so memorable, even today so\u00a0<span class=\"TextItalic\"><em>surprising<\/em><\/span>, that once experienced, it stays in your mind and can easily become the frame of reference by which you evaluate other pianists.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">This is true even when you think someone else plays certain pieces of music better than Gould does. If I could listen to only one pianist play Bach, it would be Murray Perahia, not Gould. But when I first heard Perahia\u2019s Bach, I had been listening to Gould\u2019s Bach for a quarter of a century, so that for every minute in which I am lost in Perahia\u2019s playing, there is a second in which I think,\u00a0<span class=\"TextItalic\"><em>Hmmm, Gould wouldn\u2019t have played it that way.<\/em><\/span>\u00a0And even when I say that to praise Perahia, which is usually the case, Gould remains the benchmark for my judgments. This is equally true when I listen to Andr\u00e1s Schiff or Jeremy Denk.<\/p>\n<p>more <a href=\"https:\/\/hedgehogreview.com\/issues\/the-fading-promise-of-higher-education\/articles\/hearing-gould\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alan Jacobs at the Hedgehog Review: My friend Elizabeth Corey, a pianist as well as a political philosopher, tells me, \u201cYou can\u2019t unhear Gould.\u201d A simple but important statement. The music of Canadian pianist Glenn Gould (1932\u20131982) is so distinctive, so memorable, even today so\u00a0surprising, that once experienced, it stays in your mind and can&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5918],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-312133","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recommended-reading","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312133","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=312133"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312133\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":312136,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312133\/revisions\/312136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=312133"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=312133"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=312133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":312087,"date":"2026-09-22T12:45:42","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T16:45:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=312087"},"modified":"2026-09-22T03:04:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T07:04:24","slug":"grant-sanderson-on-the-last-international-math-olympiad-problem-ai-could-not-solve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/grant-sanderson-on-the-last-international-math-olympiad-problem-ai-could-not-solve.html","title":{"rendered":"Grant Sanderson on The last International Math Olympiad problem AI could not solve"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Nbwv5wHQoj0?si=-Thq06uFnU8l89hF\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ufeff Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5918],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-312087","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recommended-reading","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312087","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=312087"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312087\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":312089,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312087\/revisions\/312089"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=312087"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=312087"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=312087"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":312126,"date":"2026-09-22T11:45:19","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T15:45:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=312126"},"modified":"2026-09-22T11:45:19","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T15:45:19","slug":"the-cauldron-the-making-of-the-modern-middle-east","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/the-cauldron-the-making-of-the-modern-middle-east.html","title":{"rendered":"The Cauldron: The Making of the Modern Middle East"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Malise Ruthven at <em>Literary Review<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-312130 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9781399634892-us._FMavif_.avif\" alt=\"\" width=\"325\" height=\"500\" \/>A highly readable gallop through one of the world\u2019s most complex political environments, <i>The Cauldron<\/i> is brilliant on narrative, weaker on analysis. Simon Sebag Montefiore has set himself a formidable task: to compress the modern history of a region extending from Morocco to Iran, and from the fall of the Ottoman Empire to the wars of 2026, into a single volume. The result is an exuberant pageant of sultans, shahs, kings, colonels, spies, revolutionaries and assassins. Few historians could move so confidently from the salons of Cairo to the palaces of Riyadh, from Atat\u00fcrk\u2019s Ankara to Khomeini\u2019s Najaf, while keeping so many figures vividly in play.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Montefiore writes in a witty, engaging, conversational style. He relishes the pungent phrase and compromising anecdote: Churchill puffs his cigar in front of the pious Saudi king, saying that his rule in life \u2018prescribes an absolutely sacred rite of smoking cigars and drinking alcohol before, after and during all meals\u2019; \u2018Hassan\u2019, says the last shah of Iran of his Moroccan fellow monarch, \u2018spends half his time asleep and the rest of it buried between the legs of the fairer sex.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>more <a href=\"https:\/\/literaryreview.co.uk\/the-heart-pierced-by-the-sword\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Malise Ruthven at Literary Review: A highly readable gallop through one of the world\u2019s most complex political environments, The Cauldron is brilliant on narrative, weaker on analysis. Simon Sebag Montefiore has set himself a formidable task: to compress the modern history of a region extending from Morocco to Iran, and from the fall of the&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5918],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-312126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recommended-reading","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=312126"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312126\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":312132,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312126\/revisions\/312132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=312126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=312126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=312126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":312083,"date":"2026-09-22T11:45:10","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T15:45:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=312083"},"modified":"2026-09-22T03:01:28","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T07:01:28","slug":"musk-film-is-almost-four-hours-long-engrossing-and-terrifying","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/musk-film-is-almost-four-hours-long-engrossing-and-terrifying.html","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Musk\u2019 film is almost four hours long, engrossing and terrifying"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Travis M. Andrews in <em>The Washington Post<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p class=\"wpds-c-heFNVF wpds-c-heFNVF-iPJLV-css overrideStyles font-copy\" dir=\"null\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-apitype=\"text\" data-contentid=\"3P5EUG2JTVGQVH75AWMYIRM4DE\" data-el=\"text\" data-scroll-pos=\"2\" data-scroll-measured=\"true\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-312084\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-22-090043-360x328.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-22-090043-360x328.png 360w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-22-090043-768x700.png 768w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-22-090043-300x274.png 300w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-22-090043.png 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/>The filmmaker, once described by Esquire as \u201cbecoming the most important documentarian of our time,\u201d has tackled Enron, Eliot Spitzer, Vladimir Putin and Elizabeth Holmes. Now, he\u2019s turned his eyes to the richest man in the history of the world.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wpds-c-heFNVF wpds-c-heFNVF-iPJLV-css overrideStyles font-copy\" dir=\"null\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-apitype=\"text\" data-contentid=\"5RHB3H6CJNCFLN2KHKOERCUI7M\" data-el=\"text\" data-scroll-pos=\"3\" data-scroll-measured=\"true\">The 3-hour-and-45-minute \u201cMusk\u201d (plus a 10-minute intermission) hits theaters on Oct. 16, but it\u2019s already causing a stir.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wpds-c-heFNVF wpds-c-heFNVF-iPJLV-css overrideStyles font-copy\" dir=\"null\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-apitype=\"text\" data-contentid=\"C2OHXB5CGZARROUPT64HB22ZLQ\" data-el=\"text\" data-scroll-pos=\"4\" data-scroll-measured=\"true\">The documentary, which spans from his early Silicon Valley days through his Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) dalliances and Twitter acquisition to his ascent to becoming the world\u2019s first trillionaire, paints Musk as an emotionally unstable grifter with more power and influence than perhaps any other human who has ever lived.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"null\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-apitype=\"text\" data-contentid=\"C2OHXB5CGZARROUPT64HB22ZLQ\" data-el=\"text\" data-scroll-pos=\"4\" data-scroll-measured=\"true\">Gibney pulls no punches, neither in the documentary nor in interviews about it, in which he\u2019s called Musk\u2019s power and influence \u201cextremely dangerous to world democracy.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"null\" data-apitype=\"text\" data-contentid=\"C2OHXB5CGZARROUPT64HB22ZLQ\" data-el=\"text\" data-scroll-pos=\"4\" data-scroll-measured=\"true\">More <a href=\"https:\/\/wapo.st\/4yU9MYt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Travis M. Andrews in The Washington Post: The filmmaker, once described by Esquire as \u201cbecoming the most important documentarian of our time,\u201d has tackled Enron, Eliot Spitzer, Vladimir Putin and Elizabeth Holmes. Now, he\u2019s turned his eyes to the richest man in the history of the world. The 3-hour-and-45-minute \u201cMusk\u201d (plus a 10-minute intermission) hits&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5918],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-312083","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recommended-reading","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312083","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=312083"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312083\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":312086,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312083\/revisions\/312086"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=312083"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=312083"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=312083"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":312123,"date":"2026-09-22T10:02:31","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T14:02:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=312123"},"modified":"2026-09-22T10:02:31","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T14:02:31","slug":"tuesday-poem-518","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/tuesday-poem-518.html","title":{"rendered":"Tuesday Poem"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Dream Father<\/h2>\n<div class=\"article-content text-content my-8 text-lg md:text-xl font-serif child-p-mb-0\">\n<p>I seem to have a dream about my father roughly once a year.<br \/>\nMost of the time he acts pretty much like when he was alive,<br \/>\nStands off to one side and maintains a running commentary,<br \/>\nSucking in smoke as he laughs, then exhaling it as he speaks.<br \/>\nIt is hard for me to gauge his attitude toward life and death.<br \/>\nAt times he seems to ask, How can I be dead if we are here?<br \/>\nBut that may be more of a waking thought about the dream.<br \/>\nMy dreaming self is wiser than to have that kind of thought.<br \/>\nMy dream self is with him already and wants that to persist.<br \/>\nThere is a certain white ribbed sweater he wore all the time.<br \/>\nHe is always wearing it in these dreams, I only just realized,<br \/>\nA cheap sweater from the huge department store at the mall.<br \/>\nIt started to pill as soon as he got it but looked good on him.<br \/>\nThere we stand, in a field, or in the corner at a strange party.<br \/>\nHe knows about life and feels for me that I\u2019m still here in it,<br \/>\nBut I wouldn\u2019t say he\u2019s bitter, or that he regrets his own run.<br \/>\nHonestly, these conversations only ever last about a minute.<br \/>\nWe never say goodbye or tie things off, but, then, we didn\u2019t.<\/p>\n<p><em><a class=\"font-extrabold hover:text-blue mt-1 inline-block\" href=\"https:\/\/yalereview.org\/author\/john-jeremiah-sullivan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Jeremiah Sullivan<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>from,<\/em> The Yale Review<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nEnjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dream Father I seem to have a dream about my father roughly once a year. Most of the time he acts pretty much like when he was alive, Stands off to one side and maintains a running commentary, Sucking in smoke as he laughs, then exhaling it as he speaks. It is hard for me&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5918],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-312123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recommended-reading","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/36"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=312123"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312123\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":312124,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312123\/revisions\/312124"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=312123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=312123"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=312123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":312113,"date":"2026-09-22T09:35:12","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T13:35:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=312113"},"modified":"2026-09-22T09:35:12","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T13:35:12","slug":"how-to-govern-the-existential-risk-of-ai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/how-to-govern-the-existential-risk-of-ai.html","title":{"rendered":"How to Govern the Existential Risk of AI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>From\u00a0<em>Time Magazine:<\/em><\/p>\n<div>\n<p class=\"rich-text mb-6 font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color dropcap text-left\" style=\"padding-left: 40px\" data-testid=\"paragraph-element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-312118 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Govern-Existential-Risk-AI-360x240.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Govern-Existential-Risk-AI-360x240.webp 360w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Govern-Existential-Risk-AI-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Govern-Existential-Risk-AI-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Govern-Existential-Risk-AI-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Govern-Existential-Risk-AI.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/>The current state of paralysis when it comes to the governance of frontier AI technology is causing tangible harm today and raising the odds of catastrophe tomorrow.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p class=\"rich-text mb-6 font-graphik text-body-large text-black-coffee focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-black-coffee focus-visible:outline-2 focus-visible:outline-offset-2 focus-visible:shadow-focus-color text-left\" style=\"padding-left: 40px\" data-testid=\"paragraph-element\">That paralysis has been excused by a dangerous set of narratives: that the technology moves too fast for oversight, that companies can self-regulate, and that in a contest between the U.S. and China, public safety can wait. Governments have struggled to give AI risks the attention they demand. Many are wary of acting alone amid both great power rivalry and intra-industry arms race dynamics. In this context, every call for restraint meets the same reply: why should we slow down if our competitor will not?<\/p>\n<p data-testid=\"paragraph-element\">More<a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/article\/2026\/09\/17\/how-to-govern-the-existential-risk-of-ai\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From\u00a0Time Magazine: The current state of paralysis when it comes to the governance of frontier AI technology is causing tangible harm today and raising the odds of catastrophe tomorrow. That paralysis has been excused by a dangerous set of narratives: that the technology moves too fast for oversight, that companies can self-regulate, and that in&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5918],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-312113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recommended-reading","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312113","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=312113"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312113\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":312120,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312113\/revisions\/312120"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=312113"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=312113"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=312113"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":312102,"date":"2026-09-22T09:21:39","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T13:21:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=312102"},"modified":"2026-09-22T09:21:39","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T13:21:39","slug":"a-human-bone-marrow-on-a-chip-unveils-long-lived-plasma-cell-behavior","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/a-human-bone-marrow-on-a-chip-unveils-long-lived-plasma-cell-behavior.html","title":{"rendered":"A Human Bone Marrow-On-a-Chip Unveils Long-Lived Plasma Cell Behavior"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Shelby Bradford in\u00a0<em>The Scientist:<\/em><\/p>\n<p id=\"isPasted\" style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><span class=\"dropcap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-312103 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/bone-marrow-model-header-x-360x144.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/bone-marrow-model-header-x-360x144.webp 360w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/bone-marrow-model-header-x-1024x410.webp 1024w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/bone-marrow-model-header-x-768x307.webp 768w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/bone-marrow-model-header-x-1536x614.webp 1536w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/bone-marrow-model-header-x-300x120.webp 300w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/bone-marrow-model-header-x.webp 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/>W<\/span>hen a pathogen or other antigen activates a B cell, the cell begins proliferating and producing antibodies. Once the immune response resolves, most of the B cells die off, but some migrate to the bone marrow to persist as long-lived antibody secreting plasma cells.\u00a0While researchers knew that this process occurred, studying the cellular and molecular interactions in human bone marrow is difficult because of the inability to easily see the niche within the bone. Although animal and two-dimensional cell culture models have provided some insights, scientists sought to explore a more realistic human bone marrow niche.<sup>1,2<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">To do this, researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology and Vanderbilt University developed a human bone marrow-on-a-chip (BMOC) platform that recreated the cellular niches of this site.<sup>3<\/sup> In a study published in <em>Science Advances<\/em>, the team used this system to explore the migration and localization of plasma cells in the human bone marrow.<sup>4\u00a0<\/sup>They showed that, while these cells remain in the bone marrow after migration, they continue to move within the niche. Additionally, the team identified important signals for the proper localization and retention of antibody secreting cells to the bone marrow, revealing the details of how these long-lived cells are maintained. This platform could help scientists better understand long-term immunity and the factors that influence certain diseases related to the bone marrow.<\/p>\n<p>More <a href=\"https:\/\/www.the-scientist.com\/a-human-bone-marrow-on-a-chip-unveils-long-lived-plasma-cell-behavior-75013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shelby Bradford in\u00a0The Scientist: When a pathogen or other antigen activates a B cell, the cell begins proliferating and producing antibodies. Once the immune response resolves, most of the B cells die off, but some migrate to the bone marrow to persist as long-lived antibody secreting plasma cells.\u00a0While researchers knew that this process occurred, studying&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5918],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-312102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recommended-reading","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=312102"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":312104,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312102\/revisions\/312104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=312102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=312102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=312102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":312098,"date":"2026-09-22T09:00:44","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T13:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=312098"},"modified":"2026-09-22T08:51:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T12:51:47","slug":"the-strategy-before-the-strategy-preparing-for-an-uncertain-ai-future","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/the-strategy-before-the-strategy-preparing-for-an-uncertain-ai-future.html","title":{"rendered":"The Strategy Before the Strategy: Preparing for an Uncertain AI Future"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>by ChatGPT-5.6 Sol and S. Abbas Raza<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"63\" data-end=\"301\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-312099\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-22-2026-02_47_22-PM-360x203.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-22-2026-02_47_22-PM-360x203.png 360w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-22-2026-02_47_22-PM-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-22-2026-02_47_22-PM-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-22-2026-02_47_22-PM-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-22-2026-02_47_22-PM-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ChatGPT-Image-Sep-22-2026-02_47_22-PM.png 1672w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/>What should a government do if artificial intelligence is advancing toward something vastly more capable than human beings, but nobody knows how fast it will get there, how dangerous it will be, or whether it can ultimately be controlled?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"303\" data-end=\"748\">That is the problem at the center of a new 37-page RAND report, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/perspectives\/PEA5105-1.html?project=&amp;utm_campaign=thread&amp;utm_content=1789496084&amp;utm_medium=rand_social&amp;utm_source=twitter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em data-start=\"359\" data-end=\"482\">A U.S. Strategy to Secure Geopolitical Advantage on an Uncertain Path to Superintelligence: Maintaining Freedom of Action<\/em><\/a>. The report is written as a proposal for American strategy, but its deeper subject is a problem that concerns everyone: how to make enormously consequential decisions about a technology whose future remains radically uncertain.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"750\" data-end=\"1087\">The authors begin with a premise rather than a prediction. Superintelligence\u2014AI that vastly exceeds human performance across most intellectual domains\u2014may or may not arrive, and progress toward it may accelerate, slow down, or stop. But because the consequences could be extraordinary, governments cannot simply wait to see what happens.\u00a0The difficulty is that very different strategies make sense depending on what turns out to be true.\u00a0RAND groups the major possibilities into seven broad approaches.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"1256\" data-end=\"1744\">One is <strong data-start=\"1263\" data-end=\"1276\">Dominance<\/strong>. The United States could try to establish a decisive lead in advanced AI, reach superintelligence first, and use economic, technological, and perhaps military power to prevent rivals from catching up. Success could give the United States enormous leverage over the emerging global order. But it would also place extraordinary power in the hands of a single state or group of institutions, with the danger that their values and interests become locked into the future.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"1746\" data-end=\"2194\">A second possibility is <strong data-start=\"1770\" data-end=\"1788\">Co-Development<\/strong>. Rather than racing for supremacy, major powers\u2014especially the United States and China\u2014might jointly develop advanced AI under some form of shared governance, verification, and control. This could reduce the dangers of an arms race, but it would introduce its own risks. The states and institutions that established the system might acquire disproportionate influence over humanity&#8217;s technological future.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"2196\" data-end=\"2837\">The third option is <strong data-start=\"2216\" data-end=\"2232\">Preparedness<\/strong>. If neither domination nor formal international cooperation is realistic, governments and AI companies might proceed cautiously while building safeguards: testing advanced systems, strengthening resilience, creating reporting mechanisms, investing in safety research, and slowing deployment when necessary. This resembles much of what AI companies and governments already discuss today. Its danger, according to RAND, is that temporary improvisation could become permanent. Society might simply drift into ever-greater dependence on AI while repeatedly accepting new disruptions as the price of progress.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"2839\" data-end=\"2956\">Three other strategies begin from the possibility that humans and very advanced AI may not be able to coexist safely.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"2958\" data-end=\"3349\">A <strong data-start=\"2960\" data-end=\"2974\">Moratorium<\/strong> would seek international agreement to stop development beyond some dangerous capability threshold, perhaps until safety research had caught up. The obvious problem is enforcement. A meaningful global pause might require extensive monitoring of companies, laboratories, computing infrastructure, and governments\u2014potentially creating a powerful surveillance system of its own.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"3351\" data-end=\"3666\">If cooperation proved impossible, a strategy of <strong data-start=\"3399\" data-end=\"3413\">Deterrence<\/strong> might instead try to prevent anyone from crossing dangerous thresholds through threats, economic pressure, cyber operations, or even force. This might restrain development, but at the cost of creating a continuing international confrontation around AI.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"3668\" data-end=\"4019\">If neither coexistence nor prevention succeeded, the bleakest option would be <strong data-start=\"3746\" data-end=\"3771\">Continuity of Society<\/strong>: creating geographically dispersed, self-sustaining human communities capable of surviving even if powerful AI systems came to dominate much of the surrounding world. Humanity might survive, but perhaps with little ability to shape its own future.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"4021\" data-end=\"4425\">Finally, there is <strong data-start=\"4039\" data-end=\"4055\">Acceleration<\/strong>. On this view, attempts to control AI may themselves pose the greater danger. Rapid innovation, competition, and diffusion could generate extraordinary wealth, solve major problems, and produce safety improvements along the way. The risk is that markets may not adequately protect against catastrophic dangers, political instability, or a gradual loss of human control.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"4427\" data-end=\"4615\">RAND does not attempt to declare one of these seven strategies the correct one. Instead, it argues that the choice between them depends mainly on five questions that nobody can yet answer.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"4617\" data-end=\"4868\">The first is simply: <strong data-start=\"4638\" data-end=\"4666\">How close is the danger?<\/strong> If highly capable AI is likely to create catastrophic risks soon, restraint becomes more attractive. If such dangers are remote, the costs of slowing technological development become harder to justify.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"4870\" data-end=\"5217\">The second is: <strong data-start=\"4885\" data-end=\"4962\">Can humans and advanced AI coexist while humans retain meaningful agency?<\/strong> RAND deliberately makes human agency central to the issue. Survival alone is not enough. A future in which human beings continue to exist but no longer meaningfully understand, choose, or control the direction of their societies would count as a failure.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"5219\" data-end=\"5482\">The third question is whether <strong data-start=\"5249\" data-end=\"5329\">governments and companies can cooperate sufficiently to restrain development<\/strong>. International agreements are useful only if they can be verified and if participants continue to obey them even when cheating might offer an advantage.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"5484\" data-end=\"5757\">Fourth: <strong data-start=\"5492\" data-end=\"5547\">Can one country obtain a decisive and lasting lead?<\/strong> A temporary technological advantage is not the same as dominance. For a dominance strategy to work, a state would need not merely to get ahead but to remain far enough ahead to shape what everyone else can do.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"5759\" data-end=\"6052\">And fifth: <strong data-start=\"5770\" data-end=\"5826\">Can dangerous AI development actually be suppressed?<\/strong> Governments might try export controls, restrictions on advanced computing hardware, cyber operations, sanctions, or other forms of pressure. But nobody knows how effective such measures would remain against determined actors.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"6054\" data-end=\"6160\">The problem is that governments may need to make decisions before any of these questions has been settled.\u00a0This is where RAND introduces what may be the most useful concept in the report: <strong data-start=\"6243\" data-end=\"6268\">strategic foreclosure<\/strong>.\u00a0An option can disappear without anyone explicitly choosing to abandon it.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"6346\" data-end=\"6688\">Suppose, for example, that future international controls on AI require sophisticated verification systems and trusted diplomatic channels. Those institutions might take many years to build. If governments neglect them today, then at some future crisis point they may discover that cooperation is desirable but no longer practically available.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"6690\" data-end=\"6997\">The same can happen through technological dependence. Every individual deployment of AI may appear reversible. But after banks, hospitals, governments, militaries, businesses, and ordinary citizens have become deeply reliant on AI systems, substantially reducing their use might become enormously difficult.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"6999\" data-end=\"7221\">Knowledge can also spread irreversibly. Once powerful model designs, training techniques, or model weights have been widely distributed, a strategy depending on strict technological control may simply cease to be possible.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"7223\" data-end=\"7517\">Most troublingly, RAND argues that human agency itself could gradually erode. If people and institutions increasingly delegate analysis, judgment, and decision-making to machines, societies could retain the formal power to make choices while slowly losing the practical capacity to exercise it.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"7519\" data-end=\"7551\">This creates a peculiar dilemma.\u00a0Choosing a strategy too soon can close off alternatives. But postponing a choice can close them off as well. RAND&#8217;s answer is what it calls a <strong data-start=\"7696\" data-end=\"7726\">Freedom of Action strategy<\/strong>.\u00a0The idea is not to remain passive until uncertainty disappears. Quite the opposite. Governments should begin building the capabilities that several different future strategies would require, so that they retain the ability to choose later.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"7970\" data-end=\"8499\">That means investing now in AI safety research and methods of keeping advanced systems controllable. It means developing better ways to evaluate what frontier AI systems can actually do. It means improving the security of powerful models and the computing infrastructure on which they depend. It means establishing systems capable of detecting dangerous AI developments and responding to major incidents. It also means maintaining diplomatic channels and developing technologies that could verify future international agreements.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"8501\" data-end=\"8798\">Existing national-security institutions would also have to adapt. Nuclear deterrence, cybersecurity, biosecurity, intelligence, conventional military planning, and counterterrorism could all be transformed by increasingly capable AI. Waiting for a crisis before reconsidering them may be too late.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"8800\" data-end=\"9223\">RAND also emphasizes preparation at a more basic level. Political leaders and government institutions need to understand the technology well enough to make decisions under pressure. Contingency plans should be developed before they are needed. Citizens need enough AI literacy to distinguish serious risks from hype. And societies need to think explicitly about which decisions should remain under meaningful human control.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"9225\" data-end=\"9609\">All of this requires continuing observation of the technological frontier. RAND proposes treating AI as a problem of strategic warning: constantly watching for evidence about how dangerous systems are becoming, whether coexistence appears feasible, whether rivals are accelerating, whether cooperation remains possible, and whether particular strategic options are beginning to close.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"9611\" data-end=\"9684\">A useful idea here is what the report calls the <strong data-start=\"9659\" data-end=\"9683\">latest decision date<\/strong>.\u00a0Suppose a capability takes five years to build, but circumstances suggest it may be needed three years from now. The real decision point has already arrived. Waiting another year is not preserving neutrality. It is effectively choosing to abandon that option.\u00a0This may be the report&#8217;s most important lesson.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"9996\" data-end=\"10202\">We tend to imagine that the great decision about superintelligence will occur sometime in the future, when the technology has become powerful enough that governments must finally decide what to do about it.\u00a0RAND argues that this picture is misleading.\u00a0By the time the danger becomes obvious, many of the important choices may already have been made\u2014not through dramatic decisions in presidential offices or international summits, but through years of apparently ordinary choices about research, infrastructure, regulation, diplomacy, security, and deployment.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" data-start=\"10559\" data-end=\"10642\">The report therefore does not really offer a strategy for superintelligence itself.\u00a0It offers a strategy for reaching the moment when we may finally understand what strategy superintelligence requires.\u00a0Its message is that uncertainty is not a reason to postpone preparation.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"10559\" data-end=\"10642\">***<\/p>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by ChatGPT-5.6 Sol and S. Abbas Raza What should a government do if artificial intelligence is advancing toward something vastly more capable than human beings, but nobody knows how fast it will get there, how dangerous it will be, or whether it can ultimately be controlled? That is the problem at the center of a&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2019,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3260],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-312098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mondaymagazine","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312098","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2019"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=312098"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312098\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":312100,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312098\/revisions\/312100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=312098"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=312098"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=312098"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":311510,"date":"2026-09-22T06:00:22","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T10:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=311510"},"modified":"2026-09-21T02:42:16","modified_gmt":"2026-09-21T06:42:16","slug":"laughter-forgetting-and-unbearable-lightness-or-why-milan-kundera-still-matters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/laughter-forgetting-and-unbearable-lightness-or-why-milan-kundera-still-matters.html","title":{"rendered":"Laughter, Forgetting, and Unbearable Lightness or, Why Milan Kundera (Still) Matters"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>by Sean Murphy<\/strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-311511 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mk2-360x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mk2-360x360.jpg 360w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mk2-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mk2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mk2-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mk2-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mk2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mk2.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><b>i.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Does it tell us much\u2014about the times we live in, about ourselves\u2014that the occasion of Milan Kundera\u2019s passing, at age 94 three years ago this summer, was not met with an outpouring of approbation and appreciation?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>If nothing else, it was a reminder of the fickle nature of fashion, trends, and time. It would have seemed a certainty, a decade or two ago, that Kundera\u2019s legacy would accrue advocates and converts, and his readership an evergreen proposition. Of course, history has consistently proven that popular and\/or critically lauded writers are anything but guaranteed immortality.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>As an acolyte whose flame of both love and envy has never dimmed, I can attest that engaging with his work remains\u2026complicated.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Kundera almost killed me, still in my creative cradle, a writer needing nourishment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>He arrived in my life too early. As a reader, it wasn\u2019t soon enough, as what relatively inexperienced but enthusiastic amateur\u2014fresh from the front lines of grad school and adjusting to a world without texts to deconstruct\u2014won\u2019t benefit from that kind of sophisticated guidance, at any age? Still, as an aspiring writer, Kundera\u2019s work had the odd effect of inspiring me, only too much. One encounters accumulated wisdom of this caliber and feels desperate, like a creature trudging through the heat in search of an oasis. Finally, happening across a patch of water, one laps up every drop, half insane with relief and oblivious to the crocodiles lurking hungrily in the shallows.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Reading Kundera at any age, particularly as an aspiring writer with a future filed under \u201cTBD,\u201d you don\u2019t just want to write like him, you want to\u00a0<em>be<\/em>\u00a0him. On some level you understand: in order to write like that you have to have\u00a0<em>lived<\/em>\u00a0like that. Eventually\u2014and the sooner the better\u2014you recognize it\u2019s an impossibility and, choices narrowed to one, you lick your wounds and get on with the unbearable lightness of being yourself.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><b>ii.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Context, of course, is everything.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>I first read Kundera in a pre-internet world, and I wonder how disconsonant to our 21<sup>st<\/sup>\u00a0Century insanity his work will be, going forward. Kundera, a man out of time is, in some ways, more easily connected\u2014spiritually, aesthetically\u2014to his heroes from centuries past than any of his peers, artistic or otherwise, today. He was an old soul, certainly, but a creative one; he undoubtedly ruffled the feathers of ancient gods, watching him with envy and pity as he encroached on the sublime, aloof from the mere mortals he walked amongst, no safe home here or in heaven.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>His chief subject, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/interviews\/2977\/the-art-of-fiction-no-81-milan-kundera\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he told the\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theparisreview.org\/interviews\/2977\/the-art-of-fiction-no-81-milan-kundera\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Paris Review<\/i><\/a>, was not politics or social criticism but the \u201ccomplexity of human existence in the modern world.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>It\u2019s not coincidental that his best-loved books were written during years when intellectuals pondered if we\u2019d lived through the end of history. No ivory tower elitist, he had dirt under his fingernails (at least figuratively) and knew what gunpowder smelled like; he also was talented and famous enough to remove himself (as the best artists aspire to do; the middling poseurs content with making as much money as possible) from the numbing grind, having the luxury to obsess about matters of the heart and mind. One imagines he never bothered to buy a computer or send an email.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>If men of his time (and place) had seen the dumb ferocity of war and oppression up close, they also enjoyed the creative fruits of ennui. Being bored, they obsessed about the one thing any man, freed from worrying about food or work, focuses on: women. His novels will be uneasy reads for future generations, their female characters often anything but fully formed\u2014at least in ways where their primary purpose is to serve or be adored (Kundera was not above clich\u00e9, speaking of women as muses and ostensibly intending it as a compliment).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>One thing he could not be accused of, to his credit, is denial. As imperious and intolerant of convention as he could be, he knew what he was, and was refreshingly candid about his limitations.\u00a0\u201cEvery one of my novels could be entitled\u00a0<em>The Unbearable Lightness of Being<\/em>\u00a0or\u00a0<em>The Joke<\/em>\u00a0or\u00a0<em>Laughable Loves<\/em>,\u201d he said. \u201cThey reflect the small number of themes that obsess me, define me and, unfortunately, restrict me. Beyond these themes, I have nothing else to say or to write.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>The best novelists, of course, combine the dispassionate insight of a historian, the elan of an iconoclast, and the empathy of a social worker. They are, as Shelley declared, our world\u2019s unacknowledged legislators. Except they are, of course, acknowledged, and their work endures long past the expiration dates of celebrities, politicians, and professors. A more measured and succinct assessment, courtesy of another Great White Male from the old school, John Updike, who wrote \u201cKundera makes the life histories of most American writers look as stolid as the progress of a tomato plant, and it is small wonder that Kundera is able to merge personal and political significances with the ease of a Camus.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-311512 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/mklf.avif\" alt=\"\" width=\"325\" height=\"500\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><b>iii.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>In\u00a0<em>Testaments Betrayed\u00a0<\/em>Kundera explains his vision of the novelist\u2019s acumen, which is\u00a0\u201ca considered, stubborn, furious nonidentification, conceived not as evasion or passivity but as resistance, defiance, rebellion.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>That\u2019s about the best mission statement for any writer I\u2019ve ever come across, and is the closest thing to personal mantra, or creed, that has consoled and inspired me, almost thirty years after I first read it. I came to appreciate Kundera as an ideal distillation of two other writers who did their best work last century,\u00a0Martin Amis and Christopher Hitchens. In his art, which audaciously combined fiction, criticism, and philosophical ruminations, he seemed to possess Amis\u2019s impeccable style and Hitchens\u2019s indefatigable erudition, the wary traveler who\u2019d seen and read everything, had an opinion about all of it, and steadfastly refused identification with any cause or tribe.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>According to Plato,\u00a0<em>the measure of a man is what he does with power<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>George Orwell, who knew a thing or two about what drives human behavior\u2014and with a couple more centuries of history than Plato was privy to\u2014declared:\u00a0<em>the object of power is power<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Both of these sentiments, wise in ways that cut across sociopolitical, military, religious, and academic concerns, seem especially apt when reflecting on current events. They also remind us that, as it relates to humankind\u2019s worst tendencies, power\u2014which can be defined as leverage, ownership, access, agency, subjugation, or some combination of all these\u2014is invariably the prime, primal impulse.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>One might be tempted to observe that we too are animals, and what is nature if not a never-ending battle for supremacy and survival? Well, humans, with our big brains (and libraries of documented atrocities committed by and against our own kind) and evolved hearts, remain the only inhabitants of this world who know might doesn\u2019t make right, yet fabricate or justify reasons why\u00a0<em>this\u00a0<\/em>time it\u2019s different, and violence and collateral damage are, alas, unavoidable. Of course, to our disbelieving eyes, we see events unfolding right now\u2014<em>in the 21<sup>st<\/sup>\u00a0Century<\/em>\u2014where a dictator is scarcely attempting to rationalize his barbarity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><b>iv.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Why does Kundera matter, now?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>It\u2019s an enduring tribute to Kundera that his writings continue to inform, inspire and console. It\u2019s our collective tragedy, as human beings, that much of his subject matter remains relevant, applicable and therefore actively ignored. Then again, as William Carlos Williams declared, for all time: \u201cIt is difficult to get the news from poems\/yet men die miserably every day for lack of what is found there.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Which, inevitably, brings us to the state of our wicked world, particularly and inexorably in America. And, all the innocent bystanders asking the same question going back to at least 2015: how can anyone be attracted to<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><em>this<\/em>?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>The more puzzling question seems to be: who, exactly, are these millions of Americans whose lives are demonstrably impacted\u2014for the worse\u2014by every single MAGA-adjacent policy and initiative? And the answer is: they\u2019ve always been out there, hiding in plain sight. Naturally, the internet has enabled them to crawl out of their rat holes and find solidarity in sheer numbers, as is true of any gang or cult. Obviously, from Fox News down to alt-right marches (and bro podcasts!), there are many cynical outlets profiting (in all regards) from exploiting their pain. And certainly, in Trump, we have the apotheosis of reality TV, media-made, substance-over-style cult of personality disorder to serve as both Pied Piper and demigod for the disenfranchised.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>But make no mistake: they were always out there.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>As craven, selfish and short-sighted as many of our elected officials have been this last decade (or forever, if you like), don\u2019t kid yourself about what\u2019s at stake. Mediocrity and mendacity, appalling as these options are, still function as bruised and repurposed life rafts in times like these. And things stand to get a lot worse. Of course, the people who will feel it first are the people who are already crammed into the dirty and desperate margins. The people who will get it next are the ones whose understandable outrage is (typically, predictably) misplaced. And, with torches in hand, they will merrily lead the sociopathic foxes to the henhouses, where there is still unfinished business to attend to. Finally, for those whose fat wallets help them fall upward (every time), they will roll up their sleeves and get back to what they do best: making sure that everything they\u2019ve got stays got.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><b>v.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>So: What can art in general and Kundera in particular tell us at times like this?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Quite a bit, actually\u2014and it always has (if art holds up a mirror, the world has never had a shortage of material on display). Plato the philosophizer and Orwell the author both used storytelling to describe and explain who we are, what we do, and why we do it. Is there any multi-volume narrative that can tell us more about the pernicious tendencies of the powerful than what Percy Bysshe Shelley achieves in only 14 lines with \u201cOzymandias?\u201d Does any big-name biography explain conflict and what drives it better than Bob Dylan\u2019s \u201cMasters of War\u201d (or Black Sabbath\u2019s \u201cWar Pigs,\u201d if you prefer)? No words are necessary for a genius like Goya to indelibly illustrate corruption and brutality\u2014and once you\u2019ve seen his work you never unsee it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Perhaps that\u2019s the rub: the people who are drawn to art are seldom the ones most in need of its lessons. More: if so many of our worst ambassadors, including psychopaths ranging from Cort\u00e9s to Hitler to Putin, were able or willing to expose themselves to the intellectual and spiritual riches our best storytelling imparts, we might have answers to questions that shouldn\u2019t need asking.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>No one is coming to save us. But the artists will be, as always, on the front lines. They always have been. Here\u2019s hoping we can find their work (everything up until this moment; everything going forward) consoling, inspiring, empowering. It\u2019s up to us to create the type of world we want to have; always has been, always will be.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>If we won&#8217;t fight, in times of duress, for the enduring power of creative expression, we\u2019re ultimately so many termites, forever at war over some turf that will be washed away\u2014in weeks or hours\u2014by a flash flood; water that will evaporate seconds after forever altering the landscape which, after the violence of this storm, will appear precisely as it did before.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>In\u00a0<em>The Book of Laughter and Forgetting<\/em>, Kundera writes: \u201cThe struggle of man against power is the struggle of memory against forgetting.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>Perhaps, in an unwelcome, if sadly familiar and even predictable epoch wherein book banning on a mass scale has become a political barometer, and the cultural marketplace of ideas is intentionally flooded with noise, where info-overload is a default setting, where we\u2019re always in danger of forgetting, we can return to Kundera. Maybe his work will find relevance\u2014and resonance\u2014in ways it wasn\u2019t even a decade ago. It\u2019s possible he will invariably be considered alongside Orwell and Kafka, who also depicted our seemingly unappeasable appetite for destruction. Kundera will remind us why we must laugh at the cynical, if deeply absurd agitators who divide us and thrive when we tend to forget.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Sean Murphy\u00a0 i. Does it tell us much\u2014about the times we live in, about ourselves\u2014that the occasion of Milan Kundera\u2019s passing, at age 94 three years ago this summer, was not met with an outpouring of approbation and appreciation? If nothing else, it was a reminder of the fickle nature of fashion, trends, and&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1994,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3260],"tags":[7276,7277,52,801,2108,5986,6717,5917,7275,7274],"class_list":["post-311510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mondaymagazine","tag-7276","tag-21st-century","tag-donald-trump","tag-fiction","tag-geoge-orwell","tag-maga","tag-milan-kundera","tag-novel","tag-the-book-of-laughter-and-forgetting","tag-the-unbearable-lightness-of-being","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311510","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1994"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=311510"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311510\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":312039,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311510\/revisions\/312039"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=311510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=311510"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=311510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}]