[{"id":311135,"date":"2026-09-09T14:45:26","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T18:45:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=311135"},"modified":"2026-09-09T07:13:07","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:13:07","slug":"author-laura-claridge-dies-at-74","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/author-laura-claridge-dies-at-74.html","title":{"rendered":"Author Laura Claridge Dies at 74"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Michael Schaub at <em>Kirkus<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-311136\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9.8.26_News_Claridge_c_Seth_David_Rubin_CROP-360x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9.8.26_News_Claridge_c_Seth_David_Rubin_CROP-360x200.jpg 360w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9.8.26_News_Claridge_c_Seth_David_Rubin_CROP-1024x570.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9.8.26_News_Claridge_c_Seth_David_Rubin_CROP-768x427.jpg 768w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9.8.26_News_Claridge_c_Seth_David_Rubin_CROP-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/9.8.26_News_Claridge_c_Seth_David_Rubin_CROP.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/>Laura Claridge, who explored the lives of notable figures of the 20th century in her biographies, died at 74. Her death was announced in an email from Goldman McCormick Public Relations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Claridge, a native of Clearwater, Florida, received her Ph.D. from the University of Maryland and went on to teach at Converse College, Wofford College, and the U.S. Naval Academy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">She published her first book,\u00a0<em>Out of Bounds: Male Writers and Gender(ed) Criticism<\/em>, in 1990, and followed that up two years later with\u00a0<em>Romantic Potency: The Paradox of Desire<\/em>. Her first biography,\u00a0<em>Tamara de Lempicka: A Life of Deco and Decadence<\/em>, was published in 1999.<\/p>\n<p>More <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kirkusreviews.com\/news-and-features\/articles\/author-laura-claridge-dies-at-74\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Michael Schaub at Kirkus: Laura Claridge, who explored the lives of notable figures of the 20th century in her biographies, died at 74. Her death was announced in an email from Goldman McCormick Public Relations. Claridge, a native of Clearwater, Florida, received her Ph.D. from the University of Maryland and went on to teach at&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5918],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-311135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recommended-reading","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=311135"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":311137,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311135\/revisions\/311137"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=311135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=311135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=311135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":311131,"date":"2026-09-09T13:45:19","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T17:45:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=311131"},"modified":"2026-09-09T07:01:21","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:01:21","slug":"a-connectomics-milestone-mapping-the-complete-male-fruit-fly-brain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/a-connectomics-milestone-mapping-the-complete-male-fruit-fly-brain.html","title":{"rendered":"A connectomics milestone: Mapping the complete male fruit fly brain"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Micha\u0142 Januszewski and Viren Jain at <em>Google Research<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-block-key=\"lm0p1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-311132\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-09-130039-360x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-09-130039-360x300.png 360w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-09-130039-768x639.png 768w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-09-130039-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-09-130039.png 787w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/>The common fruit fly,\u00a0<i>Drosophila melanogaster<\/i>, has been central to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drosophila_melanogaster\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scientific research<\/a>\u00a0leading to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2017\/oct\/07\/fruit-fly-fascination-nobel-prizes-genetics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">multiple Nobel Prizes<\/a>. Fruit flies have been a fundamental\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hms.harvard.edu\/news\/why-fly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">model organism in genetics<\/a>, thanks to their stereotypical behavior and short life cycle, and promise to do the same for neuroscience. While the thoughts of this fruit-loving insect might seem far removed from human cognition, the brains of vastly different species share many similarities. Because mapping the 86 billion neurons in a human brain is not yet possible, scientists are using AI to map the brains of smaller organisms, like fruit flies. This will help us decipher how animal nervous systems perceive the world, react to stimuli, and how damaged neural pathways might one day be repaired.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-block-key=\"4i9f9\">Now, in a project led by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhmi.org\/research\/janelia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Janelia Research Campus<\/a>, our team and collaborators have released a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.janelia.org\/news\/researchers-reveal-connectome-of-the-male-fruit-fly-central-nervous-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complete wiring diagram of the male fruit fly\u2019s brain and central nervous system<\/a>. Published in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/cell\/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><i>Cell<\/i><\/a>, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2026.08.015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sexual dimorphism in the complete connectome of the Drosophila male central nervous system<\/a>\u201d, is the result of a decade-long partnership that advances the field of connectomics using computing and AI to build cellular-scale maps of entire brains. With over 166,000 neurons and 125 million synaptic connections, this is the largest brain map by number of neurons to date, providing a fundamental resource for scientists to use fruit flies as a model organism for studying how the brain works.<\/p>\n<p data-block-key=\"4i9f9\">More <a href=\"https:\/\/research.google\/blog\/a-connectomics-milestone-mapping-the-complete-male-fruit-fly-brain\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Micha\u0142 Januszewski and Viren Jain at Google Research: The common fruit fly,\u00a0Drosophila melanogaster, has been central to\u00a0scientific research\u00a0leading to\u00a0multiple Nobel Prizes. Fruit flies have been a fundamental\u00a0model organism in genetics, thanks to their stereotypical behavior and short life cycle, and promise to do the same for neuroscience. While the thoughts of this fruit-loving insect might&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5918],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-311131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recommended-reading","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=311131"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":311134,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311131\/revisions\/311134"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=311131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=311131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=311131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":311128,"date":"2026-09-09T12:45:27","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T16:45:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=311128"},"modified":"2026-09-09T06:57:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T10:57:09","slug":"sam-altman-on-astra-agi-and-the-future-of-openai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/sam-altman-on-astra-agi-and-the-future-of-openai.html","title":{"rendered":"Sam Altman on Astra, AGI, and the future of OpenAI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VeizK1M7V7E?si=Z_3Yk_mAOGaKZWeE\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ufeff Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5918],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-311128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recommended-reading","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=311128"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":311130,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311128\/revisions\/311130"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=311128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=311128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=311128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":311124,"date":"2026-09-09T11:45:11","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T15:45:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=311124"},"modified":"2026-09-09T06:55:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T10:55:15","slug":"the-beginning-of-the-end-of-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/the-beginning-of-the-end-of-history.html","title":{"rendered":"The Beginning of the End of History"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Francis Fukuyama at <em>Persuasion<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-311125\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws-1-2-360x238.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws-1-2-360x238.png 360w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws-1-2-1024x677.png 1024w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws-1-2-768x507.png 768w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws-1-2-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws-1-2.png 1456w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/>I composed my essay \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/pages.ucsd.edu\/~bslantchev\/courses\/pdf\/Fukuyama%20-%20End%20of%20History.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The End of History?<\/a>\u201d sitting in my in-laws\u2019 house in Las Vegas in the winter of 1988\u201389. I was preparing for a lecture at the University of Chicago organized by Allan Bloom and Nathan Tarcov at the Committee on Social Thought. Bloom was habitually pessimistic about the ability of Western liberal democracies to defend themselves, and the overall rubric of the lecture series was \u201cThe Decline of the West.\u201d I told Bloom I was happy to participate, but that I would have a more optimistic take on what was going on in the world. He said that was fine, and I gave my talk a year before the fall of the Berlin Wall. Owen Harries, an Australian former ambassador, was the new editor of a small magazine founded by Irving Kristol called\u00a0<em>The National Interest<\/em>. He had lunch with me at the Beverly Hills Hotel that winter and asked whether I had anything to contribute. I told him about my upcoming lecture, and he promised to publish the written version, which came out in the summer of 1989. The phrase \u201cthe end of history\u201d was not my invention; rather, it was central to the thought of the philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.<\/p>\n<p>More <a href=\"https:\/\/www.persuasion.community\/p\/the-beginning-of-the-end-of-history?utm_source=post-email-title&amp;publication_id=61579&amp;post_id=214787852&amp;utm_campaign=email-post-title&amp;isFreemail=true&amp;r=3ikjv&amp;triedRedirect=true&amp;utm_medium=email\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Francis Fukuyama at Persuasion: I composed my essay \u201cThe End of History?\u201d sitting in my in-laws\u2019 house in Las Vegas in the winter of 1988\u201389. I was preparing for a lecture at the University of Chicago organized by Allan Bloom and Nathan Tarcov at the Committee on Social Thought. Bloom was habitually pessimistic about the&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5918],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-311124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recommended-reading","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311124","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=311124"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311124\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":311127,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311124\/revisions\/311127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=311124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=311124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=311124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":311145,"date":"2026-09-09T08:47:44","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T12:47:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=311145"},"modified":"2026-09-09T08:47:44","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T12:47:44","slug":"a-courier-for-jacques-lacan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/a-courier-for-jacques-lacan.html","title":{"rendered":"A Courier for Jacques Lacan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Eileen Simpson in\u00a0<em>The Yale Review:<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-311146 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Jacques_Lacan_during_an_interview_1969-226x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"226\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Jacques_Lacan_during_an_interview_1969-226x360.jpg 226w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Jacques_Lacan_during_an_interview_1969-189x300.jpg 189w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Jacques_Lacan_during_an_interview_1969.jpg 315w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 226px) 100vw, 226px\" \/>That <a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/25\/Jacques_Lacan_during_an_interview_1969.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=imageinfo&amp;utm_content=original\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Lacan,<\/a> who was said to be contemptuous of Americans, might refuse to see me was not at all unlikely. So it was with a flutter of nervousness that I dialed his number. When he, himself, answered the phone, I was thrown off guard. Quickly\u2014too quickly\u2014I explained why I was calling and asked if he would grant me a few minutes of his time.\u00a0If all I wanted was \u201ca few minutes,\u201d he said testily, I could not possibly be serious about my investigation. Was my interest so superficial that I thought a few minutes would suffice? Did I know\u00a0<em>who he was<\/em>?<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">It occurred to me that as I had heard the gossip about him, he had also heard that I was going the rounds, and was nettled that I had waited so long to contact him. My phrase had been ill-chosen, I admitted, since what I really wanted was as much time as he could give me. I was living around the corner on the rue de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 (not in Paris on the run), this project my sole occupation.\u00a0Mollified, he said that while he had no time during the next ten days, he would be free in two weeks. He would receive me at home, for lunch, early enough to give us time to talk before he had to leave for an afternoon class.<\/p>\n<p>More<a href=\"https:\/\/yalereview.org\/article\/simpson-courier-for-jacques-lacan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eileen Simpson in\u00a0The Yale Review: That Dr. Lacan, who was said to be contemptuous of Americans, might refuse to see me was not at all unlikely. So it was with a flutter of nervousness that I dialed his number. When he, himself, answered the phone, I was thrown off guard. Quickly\u2014too quickly\u2014I explained why I&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5918],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-311145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recommended-reading","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311145","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=311145"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311145\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":311148,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311145\/revisions\/311148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=311145"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=311145"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=311145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":311141,"date":"2026-09-09T08:10:03","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T12:10:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=311141"},"modified":"2026-09-09T08:10:03","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T12:10:03","slug":"this-drug-makes-new-neurons-in-the-brain-scientists-say-it-reversed-alzheimers-symptoms-in-mice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/this-drug-makes-new-neurons-in-the-brain-scientists-say-it-reversed-alzheimers-symptoms-in-mice.html","title":{"rendered":"This Drug Makes New Neurons in the Brain. Scientists Say It Reversed Alzheimer\u2019s Symptoms in Mice"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Shelly Fan in <em>Singularity Hub<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xcfe9l\" style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-311142 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/neurons-under-the-microscope-360x257.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/neurons-under-the-microscope-360x257.webp 360w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/neurons-under-the-microscope-1024x732.webp 1024w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/neurons-under-the-microscope-768x549.webp 768w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/neurons-under-the-microscope-300x214.webp 300w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/neurons-under-the-microscope.webp 1408w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/>The Alzheimer\u2019s brain faces a double whammy. Toxic protein clumps build up inside and outside neurons to torpedo normal function and destroy delicate structures. Eventually, the cells die. The adult brain has an extremely limited ability to grow new neurons. Once gone, they\u2019re rarely replaced. Over time, the brain withers, taking learning, memory, and cognition with it.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-1xcfe9l\" style=\"padding-left: 40px\">But there might be a sneaky workaround. The brain is packed with star-shaped cells called astrocytes that keep neurons healthy. They\u2019re also shape-shifters. Under certain conditions, astrocytes can shed their identity and transform directly into mature neurons. In other words, they could be an abundant, untapped source of replacement neurons. A team at the University of South Carolina has now taken advantage of this quirk. They engineered a tiny molecular cage and filled it with antibodies. Once inside astrocytes, the antibodies released a protein \u201cbrake\u201d that normally keeps the cells\u2019 identity stable. Free from this constraint, astrocytes in lab dishes and human brain organoids adopted the molecular signatures of neurons and eventually sparked with electrical activity.<\/p>\n<p>More <a href=\"https:\/\/singularityhub.com\/2026\/08\/31\/this-drug-makes-new-neurons-in-the-brain-scientists-say-it-reversed-alzheimers-symptoms-in-mice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shelly Fan in Singularity Hub: The Alzheimer\u2019s brain faces a double whammy. Toxic protein clumps build up inside and outside neurons to torpedo normal function and destroy delicate structures. Eventually, the cells die. The adult brain has an extremely limited ability to grow new neurons. Once gone, they\u2019re rarely replaced. Over time, the brain withers,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5918],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-311141","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recommended-reading","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=311141"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":311144,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311141\/revisions\/311144"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=311141"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=311141"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=311141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":311138,"date":"2026-09-09T07:32:26","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:32:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=311138"},"modified":"2026-09-09T07:32:26","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:32:26","slug":"wednesday-poem-514","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/wednesday-poem-514.html","title":{"rendered":"Wednesday Poem"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 viii<br \/>\nSunday School, Circa 1950<\/h2>\n<p>&#8220;Who made you?&#8221; was always<br \/>\nThe Qustion<br \/>\nThe answer was always<br \/>\n&#8220;God.&#8221;<br \/>\nWell, there we stood<br \/>\nThree feet high<br \/>\nHeads bowed<br \/>\nLeaning into<br \/>\nBosoms.<\/p>\n<p>Now<br \/>\nI no longer recall<br \/>\nThe Catechism<br \/>\nOr brood on the Genesis<br \/>\nOf life<br \/>\nNo.<\/p>\n<p>I ponder the exchange<br \/>\nItself<br \/>\nAnd salvage mostly<br \/>\nThe leaning.<\/p>\n<p><em>by Alice Walker<\/em><br \/>\n<em>from <\/em>Her Blue Body Everything We Know<br \/>\n<em>Harvest Books, 1968<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 viii Sunday School, Circa 1950 &#8220;Who made you?&#8221; was always The Qustion The answer was always &#8220;God.&#8221; Well, there we stood Three feet high Heads bowed Leaning into Bosoms. Now I no longer recall The Catechism Or brood on the Genesis Of life No.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5918],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-311138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-recommended-reading","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/36"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=311138"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":311140,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311138\/revisions\/311140"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=311138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=311138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=311138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":310883,"date":"2026-09-09T06:00:17","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T10:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=310883"},"modified":"2026-09-07T02:02:29","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T06:02:29","slug":"harvard-wins-a-round-against-trump","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/harvard-wins-a-round-against-trump.html","title":{"rendered":"Harvard Wins A Round Against Trump"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>by Charles Siegel<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-310884 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Harvard--360x329.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"207\" height=\"189\" srcset=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Harvard--360x329.jpg 360w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Harvard--768x702.jpg 768w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Harvard--300x274.jpg 300w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Harvard-.jpg 984w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 207px) 100vw, 207px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In one of my first columns for 3 Quarks Daily, <a href=\"https:\/\/nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2F3quarksdaily.com%2F3quarksdaily%2F2025%2F05%2Fdont-deport-protesters-or-defund-universities-in-my-name.html&amp;data=05%7C02%7Clhjaltason%40waterskraus.com%7Caae2da6e8bab4e8836db08df0abf0045%7C3bb7a99aa17943739af75664b572573a%7C0%7C0%7C639241487632239112%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=wNngPnsKksEbyvM8b8Fad8zMi%2BABOc%2F9HzdIuarQPIU%3D&amp;reserved=0\">Don\u2019t Deport Protesters, or Defund Universities, in My Name<\/a>, I lamented the Trump administration\u2019s efforts to, in its own words, \u201ccombat antisemitism\u201d and \u201cprotect Jewish students from harassment and violence in the United States.\u201d\u00a0 The administration purported to be vindicating these goals by deporting student protesters &#8212; and protesters who weren\u2019t students, such as our client Leqaa Kordia &#8212; and by indiscriminately cutting grant funding to universities.\u00a0 I thought that such pious intonations from Trump and his henchmen were hypocritical in the extreme, given the presence of many blatant antisemites in the administration and in Republican circles generally.\u00a0 I also wondered what on earth the connection was between ostensible concerns about antisemitism on the one hand, and slashing grant funding for medical, scientific and technological research on the other.\u00a0 Finally, I noted that many, many Jewish organizations have denounced the funding cuts, as have thousands of Jewish professors.<\/p>\n<p>Three weeks ago, a federal judge in Boston ruled in favor of Harvard, in one of the suits brought by the government against it over these feigned concerns.\u00a0 This lawsuit is just one front in the larger battle between the administration and Harvard.\u00a0 So far, the university is standing up to Trump, and refusing to cave by settling.\u00a0 And Yale has not settled either, although it is said to be considering a settlement.<\/p>\n<p>I realize, of course, that with the largest endowment of any university in the world by far, Harvard is uniquely able to stand up to Trump\u2019s bullying.\u00a0 One hopes that Yale, whose own endowment is the second-largest, will continue to resist as well.\u00a0 The likes of Brown and Columbia will live in shame forever for capitulating, although they recently signed a friend-of-the-court brief on behalf of Harvard.<\/p>\n<p>The ruling on August 13<sup>th<\/sup> by Judge Richard Stearns came in a case officially entitled United States of America v. President and Fellows of Harvard College.\u00a0 In this particular case, the government brought an \u201cenforcement action\u201d under the Title VI of the Civil Rights Act.\u00a0 Yes, I know &#8212; it makes my head explode, too, when I read that <em>Trump<\/em> alleges that <em>Harvard<\/em> violated the Civil Rights Act.\u00a0 Such a lawsuit might more properly be entitled Pot v. Kettle.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>This ridiculous lawsuit alleged that all federal aid to institutions such as Harvard is conditioned upon compliance with federal law, and that Harvard had failed to comply with federal law by violating the provisions of Title VI forbidding discrimination \u201con the ground of race, color, or national origin.\u201d\u00a0 The administration contended that after the Hamas atrocities of Oct. 7, 2023, many \u201cdemonstrations [that] featured outward hostility, harassment, intimidation, sometimes physical violence directed at Jewish and Israeli students intended to effectively exclude them from these academic spaces and deprive them of equal educational opportunities\u201d occurred, and Harvard did nothing in response.\u00a0 Harvard was vigilant in protecting the rights of other groups of students, the government argued, but not those of Jews. Thus the government asked the court, among other things, to \u201crescind and award the United States restitution of all grant payments made to Harvard during the time of Harvard\u2019s noncompliance with Title VI.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Judge Stearns dismissed the case on a narrow ground:\u00a0 that \u201cthe purpose of an enforcement action\u201d under Title VI is not to penalize a wayward funding recipient but instead to incentivize it to bring itself into compliance.\u201d\u00a0 The administration \u201cfocused almost entirely on incidents that took place during the 2023-2024 school year, and \u201conly three incidents are alleged to have occurred after this period, all of which took place nearly a full year later\u201d (and more than one full academic year before the case was even filed).\u00a0 Accordingly, the judge found that \u201cwithout diminishing any concern arising from these occurrences,\u201d they were \u201csingly and collectively, too isolated and episodic to support a plausible inference that any institutionalized non-compliance with Title VI persists at Harvard these days.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Harvard had raised other independent bases for outright or partial dismissal of the case, but Judge Stearns did not reach them.\u00a0 He thus did not address, for example, whether the government\u2019s claims were purely a pretext for retaliation against Harvard for its DEI programs.<\/p>\n<p>Judge Stearns also did not need to describe in detail the allegations relating to the 2023-24 school year incidents.\u00a0 He mentioned in a footnote that he had described these alleged incidents in an opinion in another case in 2024.\u00a0 This case had been filed earlier that year by Shabbos Kestenbaum, a recent graduate of the Harvard Divinity School.\u00a0 Kestenbaum alleged that immediately after Oct. 7, \u201cmore than 30 Harvard student groups issued a joint statement purporting to \u2018hold the Israeli regime entirely responsible for all unfolding violence.\u2019\u201d\u00a0 Thereafter, according to Kestenbaum, rallies, class walkouts, \u201cdie-ins\u201d and other demonstrations proliferated, and \u201cpersisted and, if anything, intensified into the spring 2024 semester.\u201d\u00a0 Many Jewish students were said to \u201cfear for their personal safety and ability to complete their academic studies.\u201d\u00a0 Kestenbaum alleged violations of Title VI and other claims.\u00a0 Judge Stearns granted Harvard\u2019s motion to dismiss the case in part.\u00a0 Eventually, in 2025, Kestenbaum and Harvard reached a confidential settlement.<\/p>\n<p>I had forgotten about Kestenbaum until I read Judge Stearns\u2019 opinion.\u00a0 I remember that when I first heard about him, back in early 2024, he seemed like an interesting, even admirable figure.\u00a0 And at first, at least, I didn\u2019t necessarily discount the notion that Harvard perhaps wasn\u2019t enforcing its own anti-discrimination rules and policies in a way that fully matched how it responded to violence and antagonism experienced by other groups (to be clear, I don\u2019t believe that has been true for some time now).\u00a0 I liked the way he stood up. But I can also recall that even then, something just seemed a little off.<\/p>\n<p>And sure enough, before too long, things began to curdle, in the standard MAGA way. He became a regular Fox talking head, spoke at the 2024 RNC convention, and endorsed Trump. This from someone who said he was still a registered Democrat and had previously voted for Bernie Sanders. And he commented on an Instagram post by a pro-Palestinian Harvard group by saying \u201cif you guys love the intifada so much, have you considered blowing yourselves up too?\u201d (He later deleted that comment).<\/p>\n<p>Kestenbaum is now connected to the notorious Prager University. His web bio there says that he \u201cexperienced a political transformation after witnessing the left\u2019s reaction to the October 7 Hamas terrorist attacks.\u00a0 He began speaking out and gained national attention for his keynote speech at the Republican National Convention. He later joined the Trump 2024 campaign, focusing on youth outreach and free speech advocacy. Today, Shabbos is a leading voice against the radical ideology influencing America\u2019s youth.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFree speech advocacy\u201d? It does not appear to me that Kestenbaum\u2019s freedom of speech has ever been abridged in the slightest. And while he is vigorously exercising his right to speak freely, has he ever, even once, called attention to the overt Christian nationalism of his newly \u2013 adopted political party? Somehow I doubt it.<\/p>\n<p>When Kestenbaum spoke at the 2024 convention, another Jewish student at Harvard Divinity School, Zev Mishell, wrote a column in the Forward, <a href=\"https:\/\/nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Fopinion%2F635184%2Fshabbos-kestenbaum-harvard-divinity-school-rnc%2F&amp;data=05%7C02%7Clhjaltason%40waterskraus.com%7Caae2da6e8bab4e8836db08df0abf0045%7C3bb7a99aa17943739af75664b572573a%7C0%7C0%7C639241487632289635%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=WhtFEFt%2B%2BaU6h38hl%2FvmiM%2Fp7HupBdcqIDW4x59v0jE%3D&amp;reserved=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">I&#8217;m a Jew at Harvard. Shabbos Kestenbaum doesn&#8217;t speak for me \u2013 The Forward<\/a>. The closing paragraphs of this column are well worth repeating here:<\/p>\n<p>Despite their professed care for Jews, the majority of the Republican party has moved to embrace white Christian nationalism, a movement working to transform the United States into a\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Christian state with limited rights for religious minorities. By propping up Jewish speakers to advocate their talking points, they can create an appearance of broad-based support for their\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0agenda, even though their policies would work to enshrine one supremacist interpretation of Christianity into our government.<\/p>\n<p>We need to be clear: Individuals who support the antisemitic great replacement theory, Project 2025, and white Christian nationalism are not Jewish allies.<\/p>\n<p>Kestenbaum\u2019s stunt, as well as his rhetoric and policy positions, do not speak for the Harvard Divinity School\u2019s Jewish community. Instead, they only reflect how Republicans have\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 weaponized his individual story and experience to conceal their very real antisemitism. As we approach the November election, it\u2019s essential to know what\u2019s really at stake.<\/p>\n<p>Precisely.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Charles Siegel In one of my first columns for 3 Quarks Daily, Don\u2019t Deport Protesters, or Defund Universities, in My Name, I lamented the Trump administration\u2019s efforts to, in its own words, \u201ccombat antisemitism\u201d and \u201cprotect Jewish students from harassment and violence in the United States.\u201d\u00a0 The administration purported to be vindicating these goals&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1786,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3260],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-310883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mondaymagazine","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1786"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=310883"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310883\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":311022,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310883\/revisions\/311022"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=310883"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=310883"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=310883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":310911,"date":"2026-09-09T05:00:13","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T09:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=310911"},"modified":"2026-09-07T01:53:45","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T05:53:45","slug":"the-virtuous-skill-of-complaining","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/the-virtuous-skill-of-complaining.html","title":{"rendered":"The Virtuous Skill of Complaining"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>by Marie Snyder<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-310913 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/complain-Nate-Bargatze-223x360.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"198\" height=\"320\" \/>I&#8217;ve been a complainer since childhood. From the outside, people might suggest it&#8217;s a miserable disposition that&#8217;s neither useful nor pleasant, but, from the inside, I was just always noticing ways things could be improved and wondering why (and if) things had to be as they were. Why do we have dinner at six, when I&#8217;m hungry at four? So much didn&#8217;t make sense, and I was on a crusade to let those in power know about it. My parents handled it with a rule: No complaining without proposing a solution. It&#8217;s not a bad strategy, except then they were presented with many uninformed solutions as well. Their patience was astounding. I&#8217;ve since come to see the utility and delightful potential of the behaviour.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Complaining is what we do when we don&#8217;t have power or <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">perceive<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ourselves to be without power. Even if we do it ourselves, we often hate to hear it from others for a few reasons. First, if we think people <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> power to try to change things, to actually <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">say<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> something to the boss, but they just lack the courage to <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">use<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> their power, it&#8217;s annoying or even enraging. It&#8217;s sometimes the irritation of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">almost<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8212; we could <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">almost<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have this if only this person would actually <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">do something<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> instead of just whining about it!<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It feels like they could easily fix their bind, but they just won&#8217;t, as if we can all magically override those brain signals telling us it&#8217;s not safe to speak up. They might have more to lose than we realize. But sometimes the lack of courage is from an illusion that our way is the better way, and we&#8217;re not quite ready to test out that premise. It can reveal an annoying inflexibility to try it this way instead.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Secondly, if we think people don&#8217;t have power and it&#8217;s not <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">possible<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to change the situation, then complaining is frivolous, a waste of breath, and maybe also a reminder that we&#8217;re all stuck with something we don&#8217;t like. We&#8217;re trying to forget how much this situation sucks and just <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">accept<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the situation for what it is, head down, muscling through. However, whether we can change things or should have the serenity to accept them is a very complex consideration, often requiring conversations with others along the way.<\/span><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-310912 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/complain-Serenity-Prayer-277x360.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"421\" height=\"547\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/classics.mit.edu\/Epictetus\/epicench.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Epictetus<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> said it first: &#8220;Examine it by those rules which you have, and first, and chiefly, by this: whether it concerns the things which are in our own control or those which are not; and, if it concerns anything not in our control, be prepared to say that it is nothing to you.&#8221; It was more clearly explained by Reinhold Niebuhr&#8217;s famous <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/proactive12steps.com\/serenity-prayer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Serenity Prayer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a century ago, but that &#8220;wisdom to know the difference&#8221; step is a doozy. We often need help to work through it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A third reason we hate to hear complaining is because it can feel like someone&#8217;s dumping a burden on us and\u00a0 looking to be rescued. The only way to know is to ask, &#8220;Are you hoping to be heard, helped or hugged?&#8221; Complaining is often just about being heard and sharing our troubles with another human being, but complaining <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">can<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> be a roundabout way to ask for help. The indirectness can feel irritating, but it&#8217;s kind of brilliant. It offers an ask that isn&#8217;t overtly an ask, so that it&#8217;s easier for others to say &#8216;no&#8217; without actually <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">saying<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8216;no&#8217; by just offering condolences. It offers a layer of plausible deniability for the complainer, but it also offers an out for the recipient, which can prevent feelings of guilt, although it isn&#8217;t always effective. The mere suggestion of need is a burden to any saviours around who can&#8217;t tolerate seeing others in an uncomfortable position and feel the need to act on their behalf to calm their <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">own<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> discomfort. However, is it reasonable to ask people to keep all difficulties to themselves so as not to provoke discomfort in others?\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/philarchive.org\/archive\/NORCC-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">an essay<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by philosophy professor <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kathrynnorlock.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr. Kathryn Norlock<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, she explores the anti-complaining positions of Aristotle and Kant who, &#8220;both maintain that complaining is effeminate and unworthy of the dignity of the man of virtue.&#8221; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dn790003.ca.archive.org\/0\/items\/AristotlesNicomacheanEthics\/Aristotles%20-%20Nicomachean%20Ethics.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aristotle<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> thinks we should want to prevent our friends from sharing our pains:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;To perceive a friend&#8217;s being pained by one&#8217;s own misfortunes is itself a painful thing, for all avoid being a cause of pain to their friends. Hence those who are manly by nature are cautious of making friends share their grief.&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We might want to blame the neo-capitalist ethics of independence, but this idea has been passed down for millennia. &#8220;Manly&#8221; people don&#8217;t bother others with their problems.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dignity is set up here as the opposite of complaining. We must appear to be intact and pain-free at all times; dignity is pretending to be unaffected, to be <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">insensitive<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to pain. The hero doesn&#8217;t grimace or cry when being attacked, and neither should we. An alternative position comes from <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.ca\/books\/592473\/untamed-by-glennon-doyle\/9780593156070\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Glennon Doyle<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> when she writes,\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;The opposite of sensitive is not brave. It&#8217;s not brave to refuse to pay attention, to refuse to notice, to refuse to feel and know and imagine. The opposite of sensitive is insensitive, and that&#8217;s no badge of honor.&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Norlock explains the philosophers&#8217; stance further: &#8220;complaint subordinates one&#8217;s moral person to one&#8217;s sensuous self.&#8221; It&#8217;s about rising above the lesser animal. A hole in that argument came while I was nursing my dying cat: If left to her devices, she would disappear into hiding spots. The animal instinct I witnessed was <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">not<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to seek out others to share their pain, but to endure suffering alone. It may be a function of our more <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rational <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">brain that we desire to share our pain and get help from the community. Maybe if we want to be more rational and more <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">human<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, we <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">should<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> let people know we&#8217;re suffering. Our prefrontal cortex is made for connecting with others.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Norlock points out, &#8220;The position that whinging is never to be done relies on a view of the ideal individual man as self-sufficient and dependent upon no other person.&#8221; She uses Aristotle&#8217;s golden mean to rebut his own stance: the fact that there can be a problem if someone complains <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">too little<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and problems go unnoticed, means that complaining isn&#8217;t a vice, but that it&#8217;s closer to a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">virtue<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between vices of excess (constant complaining) and deficit (subserviently accepting unnecessary hardships). More precisely, she explains, it&#8217;s less a virtue in itself, and more of a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">skill<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that supports the virtue of sociality. &#8220;Complaining offers important personal and interpersonal benefits&#8221; like relational solidarity and sympathetic bonding. It&#8217;s curious that the position that it&#8217;s noble and strong to never be a burden to anyone else misses how deeply we connect when we&#8217;re vulnerable or able to sit with another&#8217;s vulnerability, and it also neglects how much courage and steadfastness that quiet act requires. Compassion necessitates strength.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Norlock explains that in complaining, &#8220;the recognition of others provides us with options, sources of control, and assistance in integrating our self-narratives; the denial of recognition can leave us trapped within ourselves.&#8221; Kant worries about us <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">infecting<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> others with our pain, but maybe he needed to hear Carl Rogers&#8217; lesson to &#8220;perceive the internal frame of reference of another with accuracy and with the emotional components and meanings which pertain thereto as if one were the person, but without ever losing the &#8216;as if&#8217; condition&#8221; or, as Epictetus advised, &#8220;Do not be unwilling to \u2026 lament with him. But take care that you do not lament internally also.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We don&#8217;t need psychiatric training to be able to sit with someone and listen without trying to fi<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">x<\/span><\/p>\n<p>problems or without internally lamenting their situation. We can avoid the contagion of suffering by just listening while calming our own desire to soothe or control the situation. If it&#8217;s uncomfortable to see people in pain, remember that we do it whenever we watch movies that affect us, and we&#8217;re willing to just be there. However, perhaps it&#8217;s a matter of who we complain <i>to<\/i>: like <a href=\"https:\/\/classics.mit.edu\/Aristotle\/nicomachaen.2.ii.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aristotle<\/a> on anger, it&#8217;s acceptable in the right way (with the right person, to the right degree, at the right time, for the right purpose, and in the right way), so we can take greater care to avoid complaining to people who are already overburdened or otherwise unable to resist being infected.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-310914 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/complain-kvetching-ring-281x360.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"461\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>COMPLAIN TO SUPPORT THE VIRTUE OF SOCIALITY\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It can be annoying to hear, so it might help if we acknowledge that complaining benefits society as a way to change or maintain norms, develop solidarity, connect more deeply, and enable emotional release. Norlock says, &#8220;The role of commiseration in regulating the interaffective realm seems the main function of much quotidian whinging.&#8221; If we&#8217;re annoyed at the boss, complaining to colleagues helps us determine if it&#8217;s reasonable to be bothered about this and to potentially amass allies. If it&#8217;s not something we can change, whinging is a means to share ourselves and work through the problem externally. We can learn strategies to change or to make peace with a difficulty <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">by<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> grumbling about it.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sometimes the underlying question a complaint asks is, &#8220;Am I overreacting or coping poorly, or is this new policy as dumb as I think it is?&#8221; Any change can be uprooting and feel too difficult to manage, and it can take a while to sort out if change, itself, is the issue or is <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">this<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> change a problem. Overreacting comes when we spiral down to the worst possible consequences and just land there. The neighbour&#8217;s dog won&#8217;t stop barking, so I can&#8217;t do my assignment, and I&#8217;m going to fail out of school and never find a job! Whether a story is a comedy or tragedy depends on where it ends, so &#8220;And<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> then <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">what will you do?&#8221; can help us recognize our capacity to survive difficulties as we eventually come up with a viable way out. Alternatively, it can lead us to such an extremely dour consequence, dead in a ditch perhaps, that we can see how far we&#8217;ve come from the reality of our situation: that it&#8217;s hard to get going on this assignment. Another person hearing our misery can help us determine the severity of the situation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If a problem is significant, then lamenting to one person after another can help to develop power through numbers. Even if nothing can be done, it&#8217;s empowering to have even a modicum of collective agreement in the face of an inane authority figure or system. And sometimes it&#8217;s how change begins. Decades ago I tried to keep my school from being closed and sold. As I complained my way through my colleagues, searching for support, over and over I was told, &#8220;Don&#8217;t bother; it&#8217;s a done deal.&#8221; People don&#8217;t want to join a failing cause. Luckily, just enough stepped up to help that we were successful.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-310915 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/complain-john-mulaney-300x360.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"180\" height=\"216\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beyond trying to solve problems, complaints can be a way to connect. It&#8217;s expressing a preference in the negative. It might be seen as an inborn temperament that&#8217;s low on agreeability, but a negative perspective is often <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">al<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">so<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> searching <\/span>for agreement. &#8220;I hate parties&#8221; can be an ice-breaker to find your people who also can&#8217;t stand the expectation to mingle. The motivation for sharing dislikes can be similar to sharing things we appreciate: it&#8217;s saying, <i>here is a part of who I am<\/i>. Sometimes it&#8217;s easier to know what we <i>don&#8217;t<\/i> like than to figure out the specifics of our ideal option. Complaints are judgments, and they can also point to a discriminating taste, &#8220;This wine is undrinkable,&#8221; which can be impressive or impressionable. Then there&#8217;s shit-talkers who <i>enjoy<\/i> complaining as a way of gossiping, which can be a way to make people laugh. So much of comedy is just complaining about people or the world. We laugh because it&#8217;s so relatable because we <i>also<\/i> hate that, and it&#8217;s easier to accept it when we&#8217;re all in this together.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, sometimes people <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> looking for a landing spot for responsibility. They don&#8217;t want to have to do the thing, and complaining is a way to distract from the task at hand or try to offload it. Sometimes we&#8217;re <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">accurately<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> hearing a complaint as a request to fix things. They don&#8217;t want so much to be expected of them. It can be a plea for extra grace when competing on a level playing field feels impossible. It can also be a way to lower people&#8217;s expectations in case we do sub-standard work or can&#8217;t finish on time. How much sympathy we might have for people depends on what we believe they can do, and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that&#8217;s<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a minefield to figure out if accommodating a limitation is actually enabling an avoidance.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This type of complaining can be a way to say, &#8220;I&#8217;m a good person and very hard working, but just <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">look<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at what I&#8217;m up against!&#8221; There&#8217;s a sense of morality enmeshed with ability. They want the recognition that their lot is harder than most people might have to deal with, either with condolences or admiration. Often their perception doesn&#8217;t seem to match reality, but sometimes that&#8217;s because we don&#8217;t know their whole story. But also we might <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">want<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to be pitied for our lot in life which acknowledges it&#8217;s hard, and there&#8217;s nothing we can do about it, so we have permission to submit work late or fall behind or lose our temper, ignoring the difficulties other people are also facing. If my life is the worst, then it gives me an excuse for my behaviour. It&#8217;s also more comfortable to believe that it&#8217;s harder for me than to acknowledge our personal limitations. Sometimes just having people <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">know<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> what a burden we&#8217;re carrying helps us to shoulder it and carry on.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Offering a solution to fix the complaint can be met with anger. The positioning as a victim of circumstances can be a way to shrug off any responsibility, so if they can&#8217;t work because of a barking dog, we get a litany of reasons why going to the library isn&#8217;t <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">remotely <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">an option! The background thinking might be, &#8216;There&#8217;s a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reason<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> I can&#8217;t do my essay (or get a date or keep a job\u2026), and it has nothing to do with my own abilities; it&#8217;s entirely outside my will.&#8217; But when we reject responsibility, we also reject any agency, and then get really stuck with no possible way out. It&#8217;s horrible to feel trapped like that, and it&#8217;s also really difficult to <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">watch<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> someone stuck in a hole that appears to be just a few inches deep and listen to them talk about it yet again. We <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">both<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> want the uncomfortable problem to end. People repeat themselves when they don&#8217;t feel heard.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a check, connection, catharsis, or comedy, we might continue to complain because we&#8217;ve discovered that sometimes it <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">works<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It can be very effective. I&#8217;ve been in situations in which a baffling system is in place in some bureaucratic organization, and several emails pointing out the inconsistency or inefficiency can, on the rare occasion, rectify it. It&#8217;s gleefully vindicating! Like a slot machine, my complaining behaviour is on a variable ratio reinforcement schedule in which I&#8217;m rewarded after a random number of behaviours, so I keep on doing it. Maybe people who are quietly accepting and pleasant are not as equanimous as they appear; they just haven&#8217;t felt the satisfaction of this kind of accomplishment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But some complaining <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a problem, particularly when it&#8217;s about people, not systems. It&#8217;s especially a problem if the complaint is about who a person is and what they <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">might<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> do, not about a potentially harmful thing they actually <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">did<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Sometimes it&#8217;s a performative judgment that takes advantage of the perturbations of a culture to be admired for their watchfulness. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt33071426\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Drama<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> does a great job of illustrating this. That&#8217;s a whole other level of complaining.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aristotle and Kant call complaining womanly, but I wonder if\u00a0 the manly mode of complaint is more of an order or even a threat. Instead of &#8220;Why can&#8217;t this be different?&#8221;, it&#8217;s &#8220;This must change!&#8221; In one of my first times sharing a house with friends, one guy didn&#8217;t like how I put butter in the butter dish. Seriously. Instead of doing what we might call complaining, he said, &#8220;Don&#8217;t ever let me catch you doing that again!&#8221; We all ignored him until he gave up being the house dictator, so it had the same <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">effect<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of a random complaint without a solution. The message was the same, &#8220;I don&#8217;t like this,&#8221; but the tone and word choice coded it as more masculine. A lower and louder voice can further turn a complaint into a command, but I don&#8217;t think that necessarily makes it <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">better<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. I get why it might be more admirable, though. We look up to people who seem confident and dismiss people who seem ineffectual. My housemate was trying to take charge in the wrong place with the wrong person over the wrong issue, so it failed, but in the right circumstances, it can carry more weight to be demanding instead of questioning, to be someone people have to listen to instead of someone they can comfortably dismiss. But that misses the connective elements being communicated; it doesn&#8217;t support that virtue of sociality.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A command that&#8217;s ignored knocks the wind out of its sails, and can turn it into a plea. It takes that risk. A complaint is ignored more easily, but can gain power through repetition from one or many. The alternative to either is a request, which honours the possibility of being rejected or denied, acknowledging our powerlessness in the situation.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-310917 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/complain-frida-360x247.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"504\" height=\"346\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Marie Snyder I&#8217;ve been a complainer since childhood. From the outside, people might suggest it&#8217;s a miserable disposition that&#8217;s neither useful nor pleasant, but, from the inside, I was just always noticing ways things could be improved and wondering why (and if) things had to be as they were. Why do we have dinner&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1481,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3260],"tags":[18,6056,5075],"class_list":["post-310911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mondaymagazine","tag-aristotle","tag-epictetus","tag-immanuel-kant","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1481"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=310911"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310911\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":311020,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310911\/revisions\/311020"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=310911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=310911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=310911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":311118,"date":"2026-09-09T04:00:56","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T08:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/?p=311118"},"modified":"2026-09-08T16:20:04","modified_gmt":"2026-09-08T20:20:04","slug":"catspeak-484","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/3quarksdaily\/2026\/09\/catspeak-484.html","title":{"rendered":"Catspeak"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>by Brooks Riley<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-311119\" src=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-08-221748.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1455\" height=\"1225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-08-221748.png 1455w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-08-221748-360x303.png 360w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-08-221748-1024x862.png 1024w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-08-221748-768x647.png 768w, https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Screenshot-2026-09-08-221748-300x253.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1455px) 100vw, 1455px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by <a href=\"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/support-3qd\">donating now<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Brooks Riley Enjoying the content on 3QD? Help keep us going by donating now.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3260],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-311118","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mondaymagazine","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311118","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=311118"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311118\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":311121,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/311118\/revisions\/311121"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=311118"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=311118"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3quarksdaily.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=311118"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}]